Table 4.
Additional neurological features of the entire cohort and each etiological class
| Parkin- sonism | Chorea | Myoclonus | Seizure | ON | Visual impairment | Motor dysfunction | Hyperreflexia | Hyporeflexia | Sensory changes | Cerebellar dysfunction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early | |||||||||||
| Entire cohort | 31 (13) | 21 (8.9) | n.a. | 44 (19) | 14 (6) | 24 (10) | 47 (20) | n.a. | n.a. | 24 (10) | 75 (32) |
| Degenerative | 11 (15) | 19 (26) | n.a. | 3 (4.1) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.7) | 7 (9.6) | n.a. | n.a. | 5 (6.8) | 11 (15) |
| Autoimmune/inflammatory | 0 | 1 (2) | n.a. | 8 (16) | 10 (20) | 7 (14) | 11 (22) | n.a. | n.a. | 6 (12) | 25 (50) |
| Vascular | 1 (7) | 0 | n.a. | 2 (14) | 1 (7.1) | 5 (36) | 6 (43) | n.a. | n.a. | 1 (7.1) | 3 (21) |
| Metabolic | 1 (4) | 0 | n.a. | 9 (36) | 0 | 6 (24) | 6 (24) | n.a. | n.a. | 4 (16) | 9 (36) |
| Infectious | 2 (18) | 0 | n.a. | 1 (9.1) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (27) | 2 (18) | n.a. | n.a. | 1 (9.1) | 6 (54) |
| Other | 5 (28) | 0 | n.a. | 8 (44) | 0 | 0 | 2 (11) | n.a. | n.a. | 2 (11) | 3 (17) |
| Unknown | 11 (25) | 1 (2.3) | n.a. | 13 (30) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 13 (30) | n.a. | n.a. | 5 (11) | 18 (41) |
| p | 0.0004 | <0.0001 | n.a. | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.03 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.90 | 0.0003 |
| At presentation | |||||||||||
| Entire cohort | 34 (14) | 23 (10) | 20 (8.5) | 46 (20) | 14 (6) | 29 (12) | 50 (21) | 61 (26) | 25 (11) | 24 (10) | 76 (32) |
| Degenerative | 12 (17) | 20 (27) | 4 (5.5) | 3 (4.1) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.7) | 8 (11) | 11 (15) | 5 (6.9) | 5 (6.8) | 11 (15) |
| Autoimmune/inflammatory | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 9 (18) | 10 (20) | 8 (16) | 12 (24) | 18 (36) | 1 (2) | 6 (12) | 25 (50) |
| Vascular | 1 (7) | 0 | 0 | 2 (14) | 1 (7.1) | 6 (43) | 6 (43) | 8 (57) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (29) |
| Metabolic | 1 (4) | 0 | 2 (8) | 9 (36) | 0 | 8 (32) | 6 (24) | 4 (16) | 4 (16) | 4 (16) | 9 (36) |
| Infectious | 2 (18) | 1 (9.1) | 7 (64) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (1.9) | 3 (27) | 2 (18) | 4 (36) | 2 (18) | 1 (9.1) | 6 (54) |
| Other | 5 (28) | 0 | 2 (11) | 8 (44) | 0 | 0 | 2 (11) | 3 (17) | 2 (11) | 2 (11) | 3 (17) |
| Unknown | 12 (27) | 1 (2.3) | 4 (9.1) | 14 (32) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (4.6) | 14 (32) | 13 (30) | 10 (23) | 5 (11) | 18 (41) |
| p | 0.002 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.90 | 0.0003 |
Data are presented as the number of patients followed by the percentage of the relevant etiological group in parentheses.
n.a. = Data not available; ON = optic neuritis.