Table 1.
ADMA levels in patients with CKD
| Subjects |
Stages of CKD |
Creatinine or GFR |
L-Arginine μM |
ADMA μM |
L-Arginine/ADMA |
SDMA μM |
SDMA/ADMA |
Detection method |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MacAllister (1996) | |||||||||
| Control | 9 | – | n.i. | 75 | 0.36 | 208.3 | 0.39 | 1.08 | HPLC |
| CKD | 4 | CKD5 | >500 μmol/l | 35 | 0.77 | 45.5 | 3.20∗ | 4.16 | |
| Marescau (1997) | |||||||||
| Control | 66 | – | 73.0 μmol/l∗ | 110 | 0.41 | 268.3 | 0.38 | 0.93 | HPLC |
| CKD | 135 | CKD 2–5, 16% diab. | 426 μmol/l∗ | 122∗ | 0.76∗ | 160.5 | 2.08∗ | 2.74 | |
| Al Banchaabouchi (2000) | |||||||||
| Control | 37 | – | 68 μmol/l | n.i. | 0.41 | n.i. | 0.38 | 0.93 | HPLC |
| CKD | 135 | CKD 2–5 | 426 μmol/l∗ | n.i. | 0.76∗ | n.i. | 2.08∗ | 2.74 | |
| Schmidt (2000) | |||||||||
| Control | 9 | – | 71 μmol/l | 68 | 0.40 | 170.0 | 0.14 | 0.35 | HPLC |
| CKD | 13 | CKD n.i., 38% diab. | 274 μmol/l | 67 | 1.26 | 53.2 | 0.60 | 0.48 | |
| Fleck (2001) | |||||||||
| Control | 22 | – | 88 μmol/l | 75∗ | 0.73 | 102.7 | 0.50 | 0.68 | HPLC |
| CKD | 111 | CKD n.i. | 256 μmol/l | 55∗ | 0.85 | 64.7 | 2.05 | 2.41 | |
| Wahbi (2001) | |||||||||
| Control | 9 | – | n.i. | 118 | 0.61 | 193.4 | 0.41 | 0.67 | HPLC |
| CKD | 13 | CKD 3–5 | 553 μmol/l | 125 | 1.04 | 120.2 | 2.47 | 2.37 | |
| Kielstein (2002) | |||||||||
| Control | 16 | – | 88 μmol/l | 59.0 | 1.40 | 54.3 | 0.64 | 0.46 | HPLC |
| CKD | 44 | CKD 1–5, non-diab. | 199 μmol/l∗ | 52.0∗ | 4.20 | 13.1 | 0.83∗ | 0.20 | |
| Schiel (2003) | |||||||||
| Control | 51 | – | n.i. | n.i. | 0.7∗ | n.i. | 0.5∗ | 0.71 | HPLC |
| CKD | 99 | CKD n.i. | 381 μmol/l | n.i. | 0.9∗ | n.i. | 2.1∗ | 2.33 | |
| Saran (2003) | |||||||||
| Control | 6 | – | <88 μmol/l | n.i. | 0.55 | n.i. | 0.40 | 0.73 | HPLC |
| CKD | 8 | CKD 4–5, non-diab. | 354 μmol/l | n.i. | 1.85 | n.i. | 1.18 | 0.64 | |
| Tarnow (2004) | |||||||||
| Control | 192 | type 1 diab. normoalb. | 76 μmol/l | 62.3 | 0.40 | 156 | 0.41 | 1.02 | HPLC |
| CKD | 408 | CKD 1–5, type 1 diab. | 102 μmol/l | 72.8 | 0.46 | 160 | 0.59 | 1.28 | |
| Fliser (2005) | |||||||||
| CKD | 227 | CKD 1–4, non-diab. | 179 μmol/l | n.i. | 0.46 | n.i. | 0.91 | 1.98 | LC-MS |
| Ravani (2005) | |||||||||
| Control | 22 | – | n.i. | n.i. | 0.69 | n.i. | n.i. | n.i. | ELISA |
| CKD | 131 | CKD 2–5, 24% diab. | 212 μmol/l | n.i. | 0.78 | n.i. | n.i. | n.i. | |
| Nanayakkara (2005) | |||||||||
| Control | 53 | – | n.i. | 94.0 | 0.42 | 223.8 | 0.47 | 1.12 | HPLC |
| CKD | 93 | CKD 2–4, non-diab. | 205 μmol/l | 96.4 | 0.52 | 185.4 | 1.12 | 2.15 | |
| Yilmaz (2006)1 | |||||||||
| Control | 30 | – | GFR ∼109 ml/min | n.i. | 1.07 | n.i. | n.i. | n.i. | HPLC |
| CKD | 123 | CKD 1–4, non-diab. | GFR ∼59 ml/min∗ | n.i. | 2.34∗ | n.i. | n.i. | n.i. | |
| Caglar (2006) | |||||||||
| Control | 38 | – | 76 μmol/l | n.i. | 1.08 | n.i. | 0.90 | 0.83 | HPLC |
| CKD | 78 | CKD 1, non-diab. | 70 μmol/l | n.i. | 1.92 | n.i. | 1.81 | 0.94 | |
| Busch (2006) | |||||||||
| Control | 22 | – | n.i. | 74.8 | 0.73 | 102.5 | 0.50 | 0.68 | HPLC |
| CKD | 82 | CKD 2–5, 29% diab. | 385 μmol/l | 55.6 | 0.88 | 63.2 | 2.00 | 2.27 | |
| Yilmaz (2007) | |||||||||
| Control | 36 | – | GFR ∼112 ml/min | 94.1 | 0.88 | 105.8 | 0.82 | 0.93 | HPLC |
| CKD | 66 | CKD 1–4, non-diab. | GFR ∼43 ml/min | 81.5 | 1.55 | 55.6 | 1.64 | 1.06 |
HPLC = High-performance liquid chromatography; LC-MS = liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An asterisk indicates the estimated mean.
1
Patients with CKD5 were excluded since they were on hemodialysis.