Table 1.

Group B vaccines investigated in clinical trials

Formulation	Vaccine	Clinical Status	Immunogenicity Results (humans)
Polysaccharide-protein conjugate	N-propionylated group B polysaccharide derivative [22]	Phase 1; completed	Did not elicit SBA
Detergent-treated OMVs	OMV from 1 strain* [28–33]	Phase 3; completed	Elicited SBA and opsonic activity
	Mixture of OMV from 2 strains [40, 41]	Phase 1; completed	Elicited SBA
	Mixture of OMV from 2 mutants, each with 3 PorA proteins [45–47, 127, 128]	Phase 2; completed	Elicited SBA
	Mixture of OMV from 3 mutants, each with 3 PorA proteins [44]	Phase 1	Not yet reported
	OMV from Neisseria lactamica [58]	Phase 1	Elicited minimal SBA responses
Native OMV (not treated with detergents)	Mutant with attenuated endotoxin, 2 PorA proteins, overexpressed fHbp, and other mutations [75]	Phase 1	Not yet reported
Recombinant proteins	TbpB [92]	Phase 1; completed	SBA responses not reported
	NspA [89]	Phase 1; completed	Did not elicit SBA
	fHbp (2 antigenic variants) [120–122]	Phase 2	Elicited SBA
	2 fusion proteins, GNA 2091-fHbp variant 1 and GNA2132-GNA1030, and Neisseria adhesin A (NadA) [119] (Figure 6)	Phase 1	Elicited SBA and opsonic activity
Recombinant proteins + detergent-treated OMV	2 fusion proteins, GNA 2091-fHbp variant 1, and GNA2132-GNA1030, + NadA (Figure 6) + OMV [123, 124]	Phase 2/3	Elicited SBA

^*The vaccine from Cuba was combined with group C polysaccharide [30, 31].

Abbreviations used: OMV, outer membrane vesicles; PorA, one of two porin proteins, designated A; fHbp, factor H binding protein; TbpB, transferring-binding protein B; NspA, Neisserial surface protein A; GNA, Genome-derived Neisserial Antigens; NadA, Neisserial adhesin A