(A) Induction of interaction between IRS-1 and PKR after TNFα treatment in Pkr+/+ and Pkr−/− MEFs. IRS-1 and PKR protein level were examined either with immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by immunoblotting (IB) or by direct immunobloting in cells treated with 5 ng/ml TNFα treatment for 3 hours.
(B) Physical interaction between IRS-1 and PKR in TNFα-treated MEF cells. Cell lysates were prepared from Pkr+/+ or Pkr−/− MEFs treated with 5 ng/ml TNFα for 3 hour followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-PKR antibody and western blot analysis with anti-IRS-1 antibody.
(C) Physical interaction between IRS-1 and PKR in a pull-down assay in vitro using recombinant IRS-1 and PKR proteins.
(D) Direct phosphorylation of IRS-1 by PKR in kinase assay in vitro using recombinant IRS-1 and PKR proteins. Phosphorylation level of IRS-1 was assessed by autoradiography or western blot analysis with anti-phospho-IRS-1 (serine 307) antibody.
(E and F) In vitro PKR kinase assay. IRS-1 phosphorylation by immunopurified PKR prepared from 5 ng/ml TNFα (E)- or 300 nM thapsigargin (F)-treated MEFs and analyzed by autoradiography or western blot analysis with anti-phospho-IRS-1 (serine 307) antibody.
(G) Effects of exogenous expression of PKR on IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in primary Jnk1+/+ and Jnk1−/− MEFs. Flag-tagged human PKR was introduced to primary Jnk1+/+ and Jnk1−/− MEFs by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. Phosphorylation level of IRS-1 on serine 307 was examined with anti-phospho-IRS-1 (serine 307) antibody. Both exogenous and endogenous PKR expression was detected by anti-PKR antibody. The graph on the right shows the quantification of the data.
See also Supplemental Figure S3.