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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2010 Apr;58(5):611–621. doi: 10.1002/glia.20949

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Apocynin decreases CXCL10 expression. (A) U-87 astrocytes were pre-treated with various doses of apocynin (50μM-1mM) for one hour prior to stimulation with the Tat/IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture. After 24hours of incubation supernatants were assessed for CXCL10 by ELISA. (B) U-87 astrocytes were pre-treated with 250μM apocynin followed by stimulation. mRNA level of CXCL10 was assessed by real time RT-PCR. Both U-87 (C) and primary human astrocytes (D) were treated either with the cytokines alone, the Tat/cytokine mixture, or pretreated with apocynin followed by stimulation with either the cytokines or the Tat/cytokine mixture. The data represents the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 vs control group;, ###p<0.001 vs Tat/IFN-γ/TNF-α group.