. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 12.

Published in final edited form as: Multivariate Behav Res. 1995 Jan 1;30(1):41. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3001_3

Table 4.

Simulated, Analytical and the Four Estimators of True Standard Deviation of ab

Sample Size	10	25	50	100	200	500	1000	5000
Continuous Independent Variable
Analytical	0.26411	0.13718	0.09132	0.06269	0.04368	0.02738	0.01923	0.00861
S_c₋_c_′	0.30997	0.14722	0.09497	0.06385	0.04410	0.02748	0.01934	0.00862
First Order	0.27926	0.13958	0.09222	0.06287	0.04376	0.02738	0.01930	0.00862
Second Order	0.31299	0.14789	0.09516	0.06392	0.04413	0.02748	0.01933	0.00862
Unbiased	0.26952	0.13441	0.08991	0.06198	0.04341	0.02729	0.01927	0.00861
Sampling	0.28701	0.14026	0.09187	0.06275	0.04352	0.02726	0.01913	0.00859
Binary Independent Variable
Analytical	0.44206	0.22057	0.14447	0.09826	0.06812	0.04257	0.02998	0.01336
S_c₋_c_′	0.77373	0.46102	0.32112	0.22558	0.15900	0.10033	0.07093	0.03169
First Order	0.44844	0.22141	0.14427	0.09800	0.06811	0.04254	0.02998	0.01336
Second Order	0.51772	0.24097	0.15164	0.10073	0.06909	0.04279	0.03007	0.01337
Unbiased	0.43697	0.21256	0.13995	0.09597	0.06727	0.04229	0.02989	0.01335
Sampling	0.44309	0.21867	0.14282	0.09768	0.06786	0.04245	0.02996	0.01334