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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2010 Jan 11;55(2):408. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.139824

Table 6.

Association of Depression (anti-depressant medication use or Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score ≥ 16) with incident Hypertension by ethnicity; participants with baseline hypertension are excluded

Ethnic Origin Relative Risk (RR)* Confidence Limits P-value
African Descent (n=636)
Depression 1.01 0.90 to 1.12 0.8814
Asian Descent (n=423)
Depression 0.94 0.83 to 1.06 0.3243
European Descent (n=1390)
Depression 1.02 0.97 to 1.08 0.4461
Hispanic Descent (n=681)
Depression 1.06 0.98 to 1.16 0.1484
All Participants (n=3130)
Depression 1.02 0.99 to 1.05 0.2985
*

adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, body mass index, exercise (intentional and sedentary), Spielberger anxiety and anger scores, health insurance, income and baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure