Table 1.
Summary of the dive parameters of male and female little penguins foraging off the coast of Phillip Island in two years of constrasting oceanic conditions (2005 and 2006). Results are presented as mean ± s.d. (number of dives, daily underwater time) or as least-square means ± s.e. (other parameters). The statistics values of tests on single parameters per individual are given in §3 (t-test). The results presented here are generalized linear mixed models.
| 2005 |
2006 |
statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| males | females | males | females | ||
| number of dives | 608.5 ± 195.3 | 590.7 ± 165.8 | 567.8 ± 273.7 | 611.3 ± 81.8 | see text |
| daily underwater time (h) | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 2.3 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | see text |
| dive depth (m) | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 1.1 | year: F1,11 = 2.97, p = 0.11 |
| sex: F1,11 = 1.97, p = 0.19 | |||||
| sex*year: F1,11 = 1.57, p = 0.24 | |||||
| dive duration (s) | 22.2 ± 1.0 | 16.3 ± 1.1 | 17.8 ± 1.0 | 18.1 ± 1.0 | year: F1,11 = 1.41, p = 0.26 |
| sex: F1,11 = 9.00, p = 0.01 | |||||
| sex*year: F1,11 = 11.07, p < 0.01 | |||||
| bottom phase (%) | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | year: F1,11 = 0.25, p = 0.62 |
| sex: F1,11 = 11.21, p < 0.01 | |||||
| sex*year: F1,11 = 1.57, p = 0.09 | |||||