Table 2.

Summary of CITT randomized clinical trials.

Study	Year Journal	Age (Years)	# Patients	Treatment Groups	Key Results
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatments for Convergence Insufficiency in Children	2005 Arch Ophthalmol	9–18	47	Home-Based Pencil Push-ups Office-Based VT/Orthoptics Office-Based Placebo VT/Orthoptics	Office-based VT/Orthoptics was more effective than home-based pencil push-ups and office-based placebo VT/Orthoptics in reducing symptoms and improving signs of CI in children 97#x02013;18 years of age
					Neither pencil push-ups nor office-based placebo VT/Orthoptics was effective in improving either symptoms or signs associated with CI
A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effectiveness of Base-in Prism Reading Glasses vs. Placebo Reading Glasses for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children	2005 Br J Ophthalmol	9–17	72	Base-in Prism Reading Glasses Placebo Reading Glasses	Base-in prism reading glasses were found to be no more effective in alleviating symptoms, improving the NPC, or improving PFV at near than placebo reading glasses for the treatment of symptomatic CI in children 9 to <18 years of age
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatments for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children	2008 Arch Ophthalmol	9–17	221	Home-based pencil push-ups	12 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy results in a significantly greater improvement in symptoms and clinical measures of NPC and PFV and a greater percentage of patients reaching pre-determined criteria of success when compared with home-based pencil push-ups, home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy and pencil push-ups, and office-based placebo therapy.
				Home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy and pencil push-ups
				Office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement
				Office-based placebo therapy