Table 1.
Gymnasium and playground provision by child and school characteristics (ECLS-K).a
| Gymnasium available | Gymnasium adequateb | Playground adequatec | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | |
| Child level | |||||||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 4,983 | 82.0 | (81.0, 83.1) | 4,056 | 80.2 | (78.9, 81.4) | 4,899 | 66.1 | (64.8, 67.4) |
| Black | 897 | 76.1 | (73.3, 78.9) | 693 | 74.5 | (71.3, 77.8) | 845 | 54.8 | (51.4, 58.2) |
| Hispanic | 1,450 | 49.1 | (46.5, 51.7) | 710 | 80.1 | (77.1, 83.0) | 1,405 | 58.7 | (56.2, 61.3) |
| Otherd | 1,062 | 69.6 | (66.9, 72.4) | 619 | 67.1 | (63.4, 70.8) | 1,114 | 62.1 | (59.1, 65.1) |
| Household income (456 unknown)e | |||||||||
| $25,000 or less | 1,700 | 70.0 | (67.7, 72.1) | 1,146 | 76.0 | (73.5, 78.4) | 1,633 | 57.7 | (55.3, 60.1) |
| More than $25,000 | 6,236 | 76.0 | (74.9, 77.0) | 4,634 | 79.6 | (78.5, 80.8) | 6,101 | 64.5 | (63.3, 65.7) |
| Obesity statusf | |||||||||
| Not obese | 6,679 | 73.8 | (72.8, 74.9) | 4,823 | 78.1 | (77.0, 79.3) | 6,518 | 62.6 | (61.5, 63.8) |
| Obese | 1,713 | 74.1 | (72.0, 76.2) | 1,255 | 79.2 | (76.9, 81.4) | 1,658 | 63.1 | (60.8, 65.4) |
| Safety around home (628 unknown)g | |||||||||
| Not safe or somewhat safe | 1,799 | 67.2 | (65.1, 69.4) | 1,140 | 74.3 | (71.8, 76.8) | 1,720 | 56.0 | (53.6, 58.3) |
| Very safe | 5,965 | 77.2 | (76.2, 78.3) | 4,529 | 80.0 | (78.9, 81.2) | 5,848 | 65.3 | (64.0, 66.5) |
| Overall | 8,392 | 73.9 | (73.0, 74.8) | 6,078 | 78.3 | (77.3, 79.4) | 8,176 | 62.7 | (61.7, 63.8) |
| School level | |||||||||
| School enrollment | |||||||||
| <500 children | 776 | 75.5 | (72.5, 78.5) | 586 | 76.6 | (73.2, 80.1) | 758 | 60.4 | (56.9, 63.9) |
| >500 children | 611 | 58.3 | (54.3, 62.2) | 356 | 79.8 | (75.6, 84.0) | 595 | 61.3 | (57.4, 65.3) |
| Minority | |||||||||
| <50% | 789 | 78.1 | (75.2, 81.0) | 616 | 79.1 | (75.8, 82.3) | 779 | 65.6 | (62.3, 68.9) |
| >50% | 598 | 54.5 | (50.5, 58.5) | 326 | 75.4 | (70.8, 80.2) | 574 | 54.4 | (50.3, 58.4) |
| Number of facility alternatesh | |||||||||
| Less than five | 1,161 | 65.9 | (63.2, 68.6) | 765 | 77.6 | (74.7, 80.6) | 1,176 | 59.7 | (56.9, 62.5) |
| Has five | 226 | 78.3 | (72.9, 83.7) | 177 | 78.5 | (72.4, 84.6) | 177 | 68.3 | (61.4, 75.3) |
| Degree of urbanizationi | |||||||||
| Urban | 646 | 60.4 | (56.6, 64.2) | 390 | 78.7 | (74.6, 82.8) | 625 | 59.2 | (55.3, 63.1) |
| Suburban | 525 | 70.5 | (66.6, 74.4) | 370 | 78.6 | (74.5, 82.8) | 518 | 62.7 | (58.6, 66.9) |
| Rural | 216 | 84.3 | (79.4, 89.2) | 182 | 74.2 | (67.8, 80.6) | 210 | 61.0 | (54.3, 67.6) |
| Climate zone (29 unknown)j | |||||||||
| Cold | 515 | 88.3 | (85.6, 91.1) | 455 | 77.4 | (73.5, 81.2) | 500 | 61.0 | (56.7, 65.3) |
| Dry | 255 | 24.3 | (19.0, 29.6) | 62 | 66.1 | (54.0, 78.2) | 252 | 54.4 | (48.2, 60.6) |
| Hot-humid | 210 | 45.7 | (38.9, 52.5) | 96 | 84.4 | (77.0, 91.8) | 206 | 66.0 | (59.5, 72.5) |
| Marine | 36 | 11.1 | (0.3, 21.9) | 4 | – | – | 36 | – | – |
| Mixed-humid | 342 | 90.4 | (87.4, 93.5) | 309 | 79.3 | (74.7, 83.8) | 331 | 61.3 | (56.1, 66.6) |
| Overall | 1,387 | 67.9 | (65.5, 70.4) | 942 | 77.8 | (75.2, 80.5) | 1,353 | 60.8 | (58.2, 63.4) |
All analyses are univariate. Values at the child level are weighted; values at the school level are not weighted.
Conditional on the school having a gymnasium.
Conditional on the school having a playground.
Includes Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders, American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and multirace non-Hispanics.
Reported by the child's parent or guardian.
A child is obese if the BMI exceeds the 95th age- and sex-specific BMI percentile.
Reported by the child's parent or guardian.
Facilities that could serve as a substitute for a gymnasium or playground include multi-purpose rooms, cafeterias, classrooms, and auditoriums. A playground was counted as a substitute for a gymnasium and a gymnasium was counted as a substitute for a playground.
Rural refers to small towns, suburban refers to large and mid-size suburbs, and large towns and urban refers to large and mid-size cities.
Refer to Fig. 1 for definition.