Table 1.
Positive and negative FXR- and TGR5-mediated modulation of genes involved in lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism
| Study | Function | Gene | Regulation |
|---|---|---|---|
| FXR | |||
| Goodwin et al. [16] | Bile acid metabolism | CYP7A1 | Repressed (through SHP induction) |
| Lambert et al. [22], Watanabe et al. [24] | Lipogenesis | SREBP-1c | Repressed (through SHP induction) |
| Lambert et al. [22] | TG metabolism | Apo B | Repressed |
| Kast et al. [31] | TG metabolism | Apo C-II | Induced |
| Kast et al. [31] | TG metabolism | Apo C-III | Repressed |
| Cariou and Staels [52] | TG metabolism | VLDLR | Induced |
| Claudel et al. [23] | HDL metabolism | Apo A-1 | Repressed |
| Ma et al. [25] | Glucose metabolism | PEPCK | Induced and repressed |
| Ma et al. [25] | Glucose metabolism | G6Pase | Repressed |
| TGR5 | |||
| Watanabe et al. [44] | Energy metabolism | Iodothyronine deiodinase type 2 (D2) | Induced |
Apo—apolipoprotein; CYP7A1—cytochrome P450 enzyme cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase; FXR—farnesoid X receptor; G6Pase—glucose-6 phosphatase; HDL—high-density lipoprotein; PEPCK—phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; SHP—small heterodimer partner; SREBP-1c—sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; TG—triglyceride; VLDLR—very low-density lipoprotein receptor. (Adapted from Cariou and Staels [52].)