Table 1.
Differential characteristics of study design and participants in the studies examining the association between postprandial lipemia and CVD risks among the diabetic population
| Study | Syvanne et al. [5]a | Mero et al. [32] | Teno et al. [41] | Carstensen et al. [42] | Reyes-Soffer et al. [43••] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study design (criteria) | Cross-sectional (coronary angiography) | Cross-sectional (coronary angiography) | Cross-sectional (carotid ultrasonography, IMT) | Cross-sectional (medical history, ECG, enzyme activities) | Cross-sectional (MI history, > 75% stenosis, CABG, PTCA/stent) | ||||||
| Meal type/form | Fat load/liquid | Fat load/liquid | Standard test/mixed | Fat load/mixed | Fat load/liquid | ||||||
| Calorie/E% of fat | 760 kcal/78 g = 92 E% | ∼ 50 g fat/m2 surface | 9 kcal/kg/20 E% | 1027 kcal/86.6 g = 77 E% | 1.237 kcal/2 m2, 75 E% | ||||||
| PP response time, h | 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24 | 4, 6, and 8 | 4 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 | 3, 5, 7, and 10 | ||||||
| Groups | Case (CAD+) | Control (CAD-) | Severe CAD (> 50%) | Mild CAD (< 50%) | Normal/ normalb | Normal/ hyperc | Hyper/ hyperd | Case (MI+) | Control (MI-) | Case (CAD+) | Control (CAD-) |
| Number (% female) | 15 (0) | 15 (0) | 27 (15) | 16 (50) | 31 (71) | 11 (64) | 18 (56) | 17 (0) | 15 (0) | 84 (31) | 80 (50) |
| Age, y | 54 ± 2 | 54 ± 2 | 58 ± 1 | 57 ± 1 | 52 ± 6 | 55 ± 9 | 55 ± 8 | 65 ± 8 | 63 ± 9 | 61 ± 7 | 61 ± 9 |
| Duration of DM, y | 8 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 8 ± 5 | 5 ± 3 | 8 ± 7 | 5 ± 4 | 4 ± 3 | 8 ± 7 | 9 ± 7 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 0.0 | 7.5 ± 0.0 | 10.4 ± 2.9 | 9.8 ± 2.2 |
| Fasting TG, mmol/L | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
| Peak PPTG, mmol/L | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 ± 0.4e | 3.7 ± 0.3e | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 2.7 | 4.6 ± 3.1 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 4.6 | 4.3 |
| Peak hour | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | |||||
| Association with CVD risk? | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | ||||||
aTotal of 4 study groups, but only 2 with diabetes.
bNormal fasting (<1.7 mmol/L) and normal PPTG (<2.27 mmol/L).
cNormal fasting (<1.7 mmol/L) and hyper PPTG (>2.27 mmol/L).
dHyper fasting (>1.7 mmol/L) and hyper PPTG (>2.27 mmol/L).
eThe end-point PPTG values at 8 h were shown due to lack of information on peak level.
CABG coronary artery bypass graft; CAD coronary artery disease; CVD cardiovascular disease; DM diabetes mellitus; E% energy percentage; ECG electrocardiogram; HbA 1c hemoglobin A1c; IMT intima-media thickness; MI myocardial infarction; PP postprandial; PPTG postprandial triglyceride; PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; TG triglyceride.