Effect of titanium surface microstructure and hydrophilicity on human mesenchymal stem cell gene expression. MSCs were plated on TCPS, PT, SLA and modSLA surfaces and grown to confluence. At confluence, mRNA expression of (A) RUNX2, (B) Osteocalcin, (C) ITGα2, (D) ITGβ1, (E) DKK1, and (F) DKK2 was measured by Real-time PCR. Data represented are mean ± SEM of four independent samples. *p<0.05, Ti vs. TCPS; #p<0.05, Ti vs. PT; ·p<0.05, surface vs. modSLA.