Table 1.
Signs and symptoms | Source |
Question | |
---|---|---|---|
Cardiac | |||
Prevalent CHD | Self-report | Positive response to the question: Has a doctor ever said you had a heart attack? | |
Angina | Self-report |
|
|
Oedema | Self-report | Positive responses to both of the following questions:
|
|
Nocturnal dyspnoea | Self-report | Positive response to the question: ‘Have you ever been awakened at night by trouble breathing?’ | |
Rales | Physical exam | N/A | |
Atrial fibrillation | ECG | N/A | |
Pulmonary | |||
Chronic bronchitis | Self-report | Positive response to the question: ‘Have you ever had chronic bronchitis?’ | |
Chronic asthma | Self-report | Positive response to the question: ‘Have you ever had chronic asthma?’ | |
Cough, phlegm, or wheezing | Self-report | Positive response to any of the following questions:
|
|
Rhonchi | Physical exam | N/A | |
Therapy | |||
Digitalis | Self-report | Medication codes (312xxx) | |
Diuretics | Self-report | Medication codes (37xxxx) |
ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; CHD, coronary heart disease; ECG, electrocardiogram.