Table 2.

Transgenic Approaches Used for Amorpha 4,11- Diene Production

Species	Heterologous target	Yield
N. tabacum	Cytosolic Avian FPS A. annua ADS [79]	0.3–1 ng/g FW
	Plastidal Avian FPS. A. annua ADS [79]	10–25 ug/g FW
E. coli	1. Codon optimized ADS [85]	0.086 g/L/OD600 at 10h.
	2. As in “1” + SOE4 operon of DXS pathway [85]	0.3133 g/L OD600 at 5h.
	3. As in “1” With engineered mevalonate pathway and 40mM mevalonate [85]	3.1 mg/L/OD600 at 9h.a
	4. As in “3” with addition of 0.8% glycerol [85]	24 mg/L/OD600 at 12h.b
	5. As in “3” using dodecane trap bioreactor (6L) and additional carbon [82]	>450 mg/L at 60h. (OD600 approx. 25)
S. cerevisiae	1. Plasmid encoded ADS gene alone [86]	0.6 mg/L at 384h.
	2. As in “1” with plasmid encoded ADS under inducible promoter [42]	4.4 mg/L at 144h
	3. As in “2” with truncated soluble tHMGR [42]	20 mg/L at 144h.
	4. As in “3” with downregulation of squalene synthase (erg9) [42]	40 mg/L at 144h
	5. As in “4” with additional chromosomal tHMGR, upregulation of transcription factor upc2-1 and overexpression of FPS [42]	153 mg/L at 144h.

^aEstimated as high as 22.6 mg/L when accounting for effect, of air-stripping

^bEstimated as high as 112.2 mg/L when accounting for effects of air-stripping