Table.
Sample characteristics, sexual behaviors, and HIV prevalence of study or comparable populations, Horizons studies of MSM in developing countries, 2001–2008
aNiang CI, Tapsoba P, Weiss E, Diagne M, Niang Y, Moreau AM, et al. “It's raining stones”: stigma, violence and HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men in Dakar, Senegal. Cult Health Sex 2003;5:499-512.
bMoreau A, Tapsoba P, Ly A, Niang CI, Diop AK. Implementing STI/HIV prevention and care interventions for men who have sex with men in Senegal. Horizons Research Summary. Washington: Population Council; 2007.
cOnyango-Ouma W, Birungi H, Geibel S. Understanding the HIV/STI risks and prevention needs of men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya. Horizons Final Report. Washington: Population Council; 2005.
dGeibel S, Luchters S, King'ola N, Esu-Williams E, Rinyiru A, Tun W. Factors associated with self-reported unprotected anal sex among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. Sex Transm Dis 2008;35:746-52.
eGeibel S, Kingola N, Luchters S. Impact of male sex worker peer education on condom use in Mombasa, Kenya. Presented at the 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis Treatment and Prevention; 2009 Jul 21; Cape Town, South Africa [abstract TUAD204].
fRDS population estimates are presented for Brazil and Paraguay.
gde Mello M, de Araujo Pinho A, Chinaglia M, Tun W, Júnior AB, Ilário MCFJ, et al. Assessment of risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the metropolitan area of Campinas City, Brazil, using respondent-driven sampling. Washington: Population Council; 2008.
hChinaglia M, Tun W, de Mello M, Insfran M, Díaz J. Assessment of risk factors for HIV infection in female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. Washington: Population Council; 2008.
iConsistent condom use is reported for IAI and RAI with occasional male partners, defined as partners with whom the respondent had sex only once or from time to time and with whom he did not exchange money, drugs, or gifts for sex.
jMSM were asked whether they “currently” engage in sex work (i.e., receiving money, drugs, or gifts in exchange for anal or oral sex). The majority indicated they sold sex to male partners.
kUNAIDS. 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2008. Also available from: URL: http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/GlobalReport/2008/2008_Global_report.asp [cited 2008 Oct 14].
lWade AS, Kane CT, Diallo PA, Diop AK, Gueye K, Mboup S, et al. HIV infection and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Senegal. AIDS 2005;19:2133-40.
mAngala P, Parkinson A, Kilonzo N, Natecho A, Taegtmeyer M. Men who have sex with men (MSM) as presented in VCT data in Kenya. 16th International AIDS Conference; 2006 Aug 13–18; Toronto [abstract MOPE0581].
nSanders EJ, Graham SM, Okuku HS, van der Elst EM, Muhaari A, Davies A, et al. HIV-1 infection in high risk men who have sex with men in Mombasa, Kenya. AIDS 2007;21:2513–20.
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
MSM = men who have sex with men
RDS = respondent-driven sampling
IAI = insertive anal intercourse
RAI = receptive anal intercourse
NR = not reported
NA = not applicable