. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Mar 1;47(3):320. doi: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31815e7436

TABLE 5.

Breast Milk Viral Shedding by Timing of Infant Infection in a Cohort of 138 HIV-Infected Zambian Breast-Feeding Women

	Breast Milk Viral Shedding (HIV RNA Copies/mL)
	1 Wk, n = 106		1 Mo, n = 74		4 Mo, n = 98
	n (%) >50 of Those Tested^*	Median^†	n (%) >50 of Those Tested^*	Median^†	n (%) >50 of Those Tested^*	Median^†
All infected	22/28 (78.6)	1830	19/22 (86.4)	18,277	21/22 (95.5)	4037
In utero^‡	3/6 (50.0)	11,274	3/5 (60.0)	18,277	4/4 (100)	4968
Intrapartum/early postpartum^§	15/17 (88.2)	694	14/15 (93.3)	21,437	12/13 (92.3)	2227
Postpartum^∥	4/5 (80.0)	5394	2/2 (100)	2218	5/5 (100)	10,570
Uninfected	25/78 (32.1)	235	31/52 (59.6)	314	35/76 (46.1)	189
P value^*	<0.001	0.028	0.024	<0.0001	<0.001	<0.0001

Comparing “all infected” with “uninfected” using χ² test to compare number detectable and Kruskal-Wallis test to calculate median breast milk viral load.

^†

Median calculated among samples with detectable virus only.

^‡

In utero indicates HIV-positive result within 48 hours of birth.

^§

Intrapartum/early postpartum indicates first HIV test by 70 days, with HIV-negative result at earlier time point (range: 0 to 35 days).

^∥

Postpartum indicates first positive HIV test result at 71 days or older and HIV-negative test result at earlier time point.