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Transcript levels of various cytokines and chemokines were quantified in lung RNA extracts from patients using quantitative RT-PCR. Shown are levels of (A) IL-6, (B) IL-8, (C) OPN. Results are presented as mean percentage of 18sRNA transcripts ± SEM. *p≤0.05 versus Stage 0 COPD. #p≤0.05 versus Mild IPF. n = 4 (Stage 0 COPD), n = 10 (Mild IPF), n = 8 (Stage 4 COPD and Severe IPF).
