Table 2.

Fathers’ Demographics, Prenatal Involvement, and Mediators Regressed on Fathers’ Engagement with 1-Year-Olds with Lambda

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4			Model 5
Variables	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β
F Race a
African American	0.56	0.87	.02	0.54	0.87	.02	0.96	0.79	.04	0.85	0.87	.03	1.15	0.79	.04
Hispanic	3.53	1.06	.12**	3.47	1.06	.12**	0.78	1.01	.03	3.53	1.06	.12**	0.81	1.02	.03
Other	−3.11	2.73	−.03	−3.09	2.73	−.03	−0.90	2.46	−.01	−2.76	2.72	−.02	−0.66	2.46	−.01
F Education b
< HS	−0.14	0.73	−.01	−0.11	0.73	−.00	−0.71	0.66	−.03	0.14	0.73	.01	−0.48	0.66	−.02
Some college/tech.	−1.30	0.85	−.04	−1.28	0.85	−.04	−0.57	0.79	−.02	−1.60	0.85	−.05	−0.81	0.79	−.03
College/grad school	0.18	1.70	.00	0.17	1.70	.00	0.66	1.56	.01	−0.20	1.70	−.00	0.32	1.55	.01
F Age	0.03	0.07	.02	0.03	0.07	.01	−0.09	0.06	−.05	0.04	0.07	.02	−0.08	0.06	−.04
M Age	0.09	0.08	.04	0.09	0.09	.04	0.09	0.07	.04	0.08	0.08	.04	0.08	0.07	.03
M is employed y1	−0.61	0.61	−.02	−0.63	0.61	−.02	−0.53	0.55	−.02	−0.68	0.61	−.03	−0.61	0.55	−.02
F has other child, y1	−1.23	0.67	−.05	−1.24	0.67	−.05	−0.89	0.60	−.03	−1.12	0.67	−.04	1.01	0.67	.03
Legal paternity, y1	1.82	0.74	.06*	1.78	0.74	.06*	1.09	0.67	.03	1.74	0.74	.05*	1.09	0.64	.03
Child is a boy	−0.84	0.60	−.03	−0.86	0.60	−.03	−0.58	0.54	−.02	−0.86	0.59	−.03	−0.61	0.54	−.02
Child poor health (M)	0.24	0.40	.01	0.26	0.40	.02	0.21	0.36	.01	0.27	0.40	.02	0.25	0.36	.02
Child poor health (F)	−2.25	0.41	−.13***	−2.22	0.41	−.13***	−1.70	0.37	−.10***	−2.30	0.41	−.14***	−1.71	0.37	−.10***
Child temperament (M)	−0.03	0.10	−.01	−0.03	0.10	−.01	−0.04	0.09	−.01	−0.02	0.10	−.01	−0.02	0.09	−.01
Prenatal Involv.(M/F)c	2.27	0.41	.17***	2.22	0.41	.17***	1.33	0.38	.10**	2.17	0.41	.17***	1.25	0.38	.09**
Status Salience				0.53	0.23	.06*							0.33	0.20	.03
Relationship qualityd
Improved							1.11	1.17	.02				1.32	1.17	.03
Declined							0.65	0.80	.02				0.72	0.80	.03
Consistently high							1.58	0.86	.06				1.64	0.86	.06
Relationship Statuse
R→R							11.06	0.94	.42***				10.71	0.94	.41***
N→R							12.79	1.00	.34***				12.50	0.99	.33***
R→N							−0.55	1.08	−.01				−0.74	1.07	−.02
Employment transition f
Unemp b→emp y1										4.78	1.11	.11***	3.48	1.01	.08**
Emp b→emp y1										2.56	0.73	.09***	1.91	0.66	.07**
Lambda	−23.52	4.34	−.24***	−22.27	4.37	−.20***	−11.75	4.61	−.10**	−24.44	4.34	−.22***	−12.14	4.76	−.11*
R2		.16			.16			.32			.17			.33
F		18.20***			17.55***			34.11***			17.65***			31.10***

Note. N = 1,686. Categorical variables are coded 0 = no, 1 = yes. R = residential, N = nonresidential.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.

^aReference = non-Hispanic whites.

^bReference = high school diploma/GED.

^cMother and father’s view of fathers’ prenatal involvement.

^dReference = relationship quality low, baseline and year 1.

^eReference = nonresidential at baseline and year 1.

^fReference = unemployed at year 1.