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Description of behaviors recorded during 20-minute continuous observation periods
| Behavior | Description |
|---|---|
| Ear flick | Calf rapidly moves 1 or both ears to the front and back, independent of a head shake |
| Head shake | Calf rapidly shakes head side-to-side |
| Head rub | Calf scrapes head against bars of the pen, feed buckets, or with the hind leg |
