Table A1.
Difference between present method and Pollard’s and Arriaga’s method in the attribution to various causes of death of the change in life expectancy at birth in the United States, 1970 – 2000 (present estimate minus Arriaga’s and Pollard’s, respectively, in years)
| Causes of death | Total Population | Total Male | Total Female | Total White | Total Black | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arriaga | Pollard | Arriaga | Pollard | Arriaga | Pollard | Arriaga | Pollard | Arriaga | Pollard | |
| Heart | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.11 | −0.01 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.02 |
| Cerebrovascular | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
| Malignant neoplasms | −0.03 | 0.00 | −0.04 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.00 | −0.03 | 0.00 | −0.05 | 0.00 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.01 | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
| Violence | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
| Diabetes | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
| Influenza and pneumonia | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
| Septicemia | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
| Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Hypertension and hypertensive renal disease | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 |
| All other | −0.10 | −0.03 | −0.07 | −0.01 | −0.10 | −0.04 | −0.09 | −0.03 | −0.07 | 0.00 |
Note: The implementation of Arriaga’s formula is taken from equation Arriaga (1989:125) in which the master life tables are closed using the approach described in Appendix 2. The implementation of Pollard’s approach is taken from Pollard (1982:229).