Table 3.
Cell Culture and Animal Studies Examining the Role of Gαq/11 in Apoptosis
| No. | G Protein | Model System | Cell Type | Apoptotic Stimulus | Phenotype | Pathway | Comments | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gαq/11 | Endogenous Carbachol activation (M3) |
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO cells) | etoposide | Inhibited | PLC-independent Increased Bcl-2 expression Activation of ERK1/2, JNK |
M3 receptor truncation caused loss of anti-apoptotic activity | [93,94] |
| 2 | Gαq/11 | Endogenous Carbachol activation (M3) |
CHO Cells | NONE | Stimulated | Downstream Rac-1 activation | Cells overexpressing Rac1 | [95] |
| 3 | Gαq/11 | Endogenous Adenosine activation (P2Y1) |
Human Astrocytoma (1231N1 cells) | Serum starvation | Stimulated | PKC activation PI3K, ERK1/2 activation |
[96] | |
| 4 | Gα11 | Overexpression | HeLa Cells | NONE | Stimulated | Activation of ROCK | Blocked by overexpression of Bcl-2 | [97,98] |
| 5 | Gα11 | Endogenous M1 activation |
HeLa Cells | NONE | Stimulated | Activation of ROCK | Blocked by overexpression of Bcl-2 | [97,98] |
| 6 | R183C-Gαq | Overexpression | COS-7 Cells, CHO Cells | NONE | Stimulated | PKC activation | Blocked by overexpression of Bcl-2 | [99] |
| 7 | Gαq | Overexpression | Rat Ventricular Myocytes | Low-glucose | Inhibited | Activation of PI3K, EGFR, and Src kinases | [100] | |
| 8 | Gαq | Endogenous P. multocida toxin activation |
Rat Ventricular Myocytes | H2O2 | Stimulated | Activation of PLC Inhibition of Akt |
[101] | |
| 9 | Q209L-Gαq | Overexpression | Rat Ventricular Myocytes | NONE | Stimulated | Depletion of PIP2 Reduced Akt phosphorylation |
Inhibited by overexpression of myristoylated Akt | [102-104] |