Trial timeline. At the start and throughout each trial, subjects maintained gaze on 1 of 5 fixation references (shown in Fig. 1C). The target (150-ms noise bursts and/or LED flashes) was presented either continuously or transiently. For continuous trials, localization began immediately, and the stimulus repeated at 5 Hz until the subject pressed the response button. For transient trials, 5 noise bursts and/or flashes were presented over the course of 1 s, and localization began only after the stimulus was extinguished. In both cases, subjects responded by pointing the laser beam toward the perceived target location and pressing the response button to register its position and end the trial. The next trial began without delay.