Dynamic (A) and static (B) force responses under different conditions. The force magnitude (mean ± SE) was measured before spinalization (Decereb, N = 9, n = 36), after spinalization (Spinal, N = 7, n = 30), during epidural stimulation (During EES, N = 7, n = 30), after stimulation (After EES, N = 7, n = 30), and after sacrificing the animal (Passive, N = 5, n = 5). Indication of significance level: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.