Table 2.
Characteristics of studies*
| Study | Country | Size sample | Participants | Mean age in years | Sex | % Type D | Design | Research group | Study quality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [8] | U.K. | 564 | British males | M = 26.2 R = 18-55 |
564 men | 29% | Cross-sectional | Other | 8 | |
| [9] | Belgium | 155 | policemen and nurses | M = 32 R = 20 - 56 |
66 men 85 women |
35.5% | Cross-sectional | CoRPS | 7 | |
| [10] | Netherlands | 17 | right-handed men | M = 23 SD = 2.4 |
17 men no women |
23.5% | Cross-sectional | CoRPS | 6 | |
| [11] | Canada | 173 | university students | M = 20.4 | 86 men 87 women |
Unknown | Prospective | Other | 9 | |
| [12] | Germany | 492 | employees at manufactory | M = 40.5 SD = 11.4 |
438 men 54 women |
Unknown | Cross-sectional | Other | 9 | |
| [13] | Netherlands | 668 | children | M = 10.3 R = 8.6 - 12.8 |
368 boys 300 girls |
27.5% | Prospective | Other | 7 | |
| [14] | Netherlands | 151 | prison workers | M = 44.0 R = 22 - 59 |
111 men 40 women |
16.6% | Cross-sectional | Other | 8 | |
| [15] | Netherlands | 3331 | healthy twins | M = 17.2 R = 12 - 24 |
1519 men 1812 women |
26.7% | Cross-sectional | CoRPS | 8 | |
| [16] | Netherlands | 755 | student teachers | M = 18.8 R = 16-29 |
No men 755 women |
25.9% | Cross-sectional | Other | 9 | |
| [17] | Poland | 79 | psychiatrists and nurses | M = 39.7 S = 8.2 |
25 men 28 women |
27.8% | Cross-sectional | Other | 6 | |
| [18] | Ukraine | 250 | university students | M = 20.9 SD = 3.4 |
113 men 137 women |
22.4% | Prospective | CoRPS | 9 | |
| [19] | U.K. | 334 | university students | M = 19.5 R = 18-41 |
180 men 154 women |
24.9% | Cross-sectional | Other | 7 | |
| [20] | Germany | 634 | employees at manufactory | M = 39.9 SD = 10.7 |
575 men 67 women |
Unknown | Cross-sectional | Other | 7 | |
| [21] | Netherlands | 5404 | adults | M = 45.8 SD = 15.9 |
2697 men 2707 women |
Unknown | Prospective | CoRPS | 9 | |
| [22] | Belgium/Netherlands | 932 | female teachers | M = 25 IQR = 19-42 |
no men 932 women |
28.4% | Cross-sectional | Other | 8 | |
| [23] | Netherlands | 622 | adults | M = 54.2 SD = 14 |
318 men 304 women |
18.1% | Cross-sectional | CoRPS | 8 | |
| [24] | Belgium | 132 | adults | M = 33.7 SD = 14.5 |
70 men 57 women |
Unknown | Cross-sectional | Other | 9 | |
| [25] | U.K. | 84 | adults | M = 22.0 SD = 6.8 |
42 men 42 women |
Unknown | Prospective | Other | 9 | |
| [26] | U.K./Ireland | 1012 | adults | M = 20.5 SD = 4.8 |
225 men 787 women |
38.5% | Cross-sectional | Other | 8 | |
* In alphabetical order
R = range; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; CoRPS = Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases; Other = other research group not related to CoRPS.