Table 3.
Outcomes of studies: Health status
| Outcome | Study | Participants | Conclusion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (3a) | Mental health status | [23] | 622 adults (Netherlands) |
Type D individuals experienced more symptoms of depression (r = 0.42; p < 0.01) and anxiety (r = 0.35; P < 0.01) compared to non-Type D individuals. |
| [9] | 155 policemen and nurses (Belgium) |
Type D individuals experienced more symptoms of depression (9.1 vs. 7.7; p < 0.01) and anxiety (14.1 vs. 11.1; p < 0.001) compared to non-Type D individuals. | ||
| [18] | 250 university students (Ukraine) |
Type D individuals experienced more symptoms of depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and negative affect (p < 0.001), as well as less positive affect (p < 0.001) than non-Type Ds. | ||
| [13] | 668 children (Netherlands) |
Children with a Type D personality reported more negative mood states (10.43 vs. 6.96) and more non-productive thoughts (10.15 vs. 5.13) than non-Type D children. | ||
| [17] | 79 psychiatrists and nurses (Poland) |
Individuals with a Type D personality manifested significantly more symptoms of mental health disorders than non-Type D individuals. | ||
| [24] | 132 adults (Belgium) |
Type D individuals had more symptoms of mental distress (rs > .38) compared to non-Type D; Type D has a more adverse effect with low levels of authoritarianism (β = .62; p < 0.01). | ||
| [19] | 334 university students (U.K.) |
Type D's tend to use more passive and maladaptive avoidance coping strategies such as resignation and withdrawal. This is associated with higher levels of perceived stress and burnout symptoms. | ||
| [25] | 84 adults (U.K.) |
In an experimental research setting, Type D individuals exhibited higher feelings of subjective stress compared to non-Type D individuals (F(1.83) = 6.43; p < 0.03). | ||
| [26] | 1012 adults (U.K. and Ireland) |
Type D individuals reported lower levels of social support (12.7 vs. 14.7; p < 0.001), and they were more likely to let things get them down (p < 0.001) compared to non-Type Ds. | ||
| (3b) | Physical health status | [13] | 668 children (Netherlands) |
Children with a Type D personality reported more somatic complaints (24 vs. 18; p < 0.05) compare to non-Type D children. |
| [23] | 622 adults (Netherlands) |
Individuals with a Type D personality reported a significantly lower health status (all ps < 0.01) compared to non-Type D individuals. | ||
| [9] | 155 policemen and nurses (Belgium) |
Individuals with a Type D personality reported a significantly lower health status (50.4 vs. 42.5; p < 0.001) compared to non-Type D individuals. | ||
| [21] | 5404 adults (Netherlands) |
Negative affectivity was related to more influenza-like illness reporting (OR = 1.05, p = 0.009); however, social inhibition to less influenza-like illness reporting (OR = 0.97; p = 0.011). | ||
| [22] | 932 female teachers (Belgium and Netherlands) |
Female teachers with a Type D personality were more bothered by their voice complaints (10 vs. 7; p < 0.001) than their non-Type D counterparts. | ||
| [16] | 755 student teachers (Belgium and Netherlands) |
Type D student teachers had a 4× greater risk of a high Voice Handicap Inventory score (rating the subjective biopsychosocial consequences caused by voice problems) than the non-Type D group. | ||