Table 5.
Drug-induced restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS), and rapid eye movement behavior disorder/rem sleep without atonia (RBD/RSWA)
| Drug |
RLS |
PLMS |
RBD/RSWA |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antidepressants: TCA | Reference Name | Score | Reference Name | Score | Reference Name | Score |
| Amitriptyline | Leutgeb 200222 | 10 | Garvey 198724 | 9 | Schenck, Mahowald, Kim 199228 | 8 |
| Husain 199725 | 8 | |||||
| Clomipramine | Guilleminault 1976 27 | 10 | ||||
| Myers 198631 | 8 | NA | NA | Besset 1978 74 | 7 | |
| Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Bental 197972 | 4 | |||
| Niiyama 199354 | 7 | |||||
| Attarian 200055 | 5 | |||||
| Dibenzepine | Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Desipramine | NA | NA | Garvey 1987 24 | 9 | Schenck, Mahowald, Kim 1992 28 | 8 |
| Doxepine | Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Imipramine | Myers 1986 31 | 8 | Ware 1984 66 | 7 | Schenck, Mahowald 1992 73 | 6 |
| Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Garvey 1987 24 | 9 | Schenck, Mahowald, Kim 1992 28 | 8 | |
| Maprotiline | Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Garvey 1987 24 | 9 | NA | NA |
| Notriptyline | Myers 198631 | 8 | Garvey 1987 24 | 9 | Schenck, Mahowald 1992 73 | 6 |
| Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Schenck, Mahowald, Kim 199228 | 8 | |||
| Opipramol | Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Trimipramine | Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Ware 1984 66 | 7 | Schenck, Mahowald, Kim 199228 | 8 |
| Antidepressants: SSRI | ||||||
| Citalopram | Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Yang 2005 26 | 15 | Winkelman 2004 29 | 7 |
| Escitalopram | Page 2008 51 | 14 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Fluoxetine | Bakshi 199634 | 11 | ||||
| Dimmit 200020 | 7 | Dorsey 1996 76 | 8 | Schenck, Mahowald, Kim 199228 | 8 | |
| Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Husain 1997 25 | 8 | Winkelman 2004 29 | 7 | |
| Prospero-Garcia 2006 52 | 10 | Yang 2005 26 | 15 | |||
| Paroxetine | Sanz-Fuentenebro 199635 | 11 | ||||
| Dimmit 2000 20 | 7 | Perroud 200748 | 7 | |||
| Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Husain 1997 25 | 8 | Winkelman 2004 29 | 7 | |
| Ozturk 2006 46 | 8 | Yang 2005 26 | 15 | |||
| Sertraline | Hargrave 199836 | 4 | ||||
| Dimmit 2000 20 | 7 | Husain 199725 | 8 | Winkelman 200429 | 7 | |
| Leutgeb 2002 22 | 10 | Yang 2005 26 | 15 | |||
| Antidepressants: MAOI | ||||||
| Phenelzine | NA | NA | NA | NA | Akindele 1970 56 | 8 |
| Histamine antagonist | ||||||
| Mianserin | Paik 198960 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hargrave 199836 | 4 | |||||
| Antipsychotics: Typical | ||||||
| Haloperidol | Horiguchi 1999 37 | 9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Drug |
RLS |
PLMS |
RBD/RSWA |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antidepressants: Mixed mechanism | Reference Name | Score | Reference Name | Score | Reference Name | Score |
| Buproprione | NA | NA | Yang 2005 26 | 15 | NA | NA |
| Mirtazapine | Bonnin 2000 39 | 7 | ||||
| Agargun 2002 40 | 9 | |||||
| Bahk 2002 41 | 10 | NA | NA | Onofrj 2003 59 | 6 | |
| Chang 2006 47 | 11 | |||||
| Prospero-Garcia 2006 52 | 10 | |||||
| Trazadone | NA | NA | Garvey 1987 24 | 9 | NA | NA |
| Venlafaxine | NA | NA | Salin-Pascual 1997 53 | 9 | Schutte 1996 58 | 5 |
| Yang 2005 26 | 15 | |||||
| Antipsychotics: Atypical | ||||||
| Olanzapine | Kraus 199938 | 14 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Risperidone | Wetter 2002 42 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
|
Antiepileptics | ||||||
| Methosuximide | Drake 198863 | 8 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Phenytoin | Drake 198863 | 8 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Zonisamide | Chen 2003 44 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Other | ||||||
| Bisoprolol | NA | NA | NA | NA | Iranzo 1999 78 | 6 |
| Cimetidine | O'Sullivan 1993 33 | 9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lithium | Heiman 1986 30 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Terao 1991 32 | 6 | |||||
| L-thyroxine | Tan 2004 45 | 11 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pergolide and L-dopa/Carbidopa | Santamaria 2003 43 | 13 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Selegiline | NA | NA | NA | NA | Louden 1995 57 | 10 |
| Sodium oxybate | Abril 2007 49 | 13 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Tramadol | Earley 2006 68 | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vertrugno 2007 50 | 14 | |||||
References and evidence scores are listed for each medication (see methodology section for scoring guidelines). TCA, tricyclic antidepressant; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; NA, data not available. Bolded scores are the highest scores for RLS (14), PLMS (15), and RBD/RSWA (10).