TABLE 5.

Echocardiography and Chest Radiography Results

Variable	n	COPD	No COPD	P Value
Chest radiography
Cardiomegaly	351	8 (13%)	30 (10%)	0.60
Large pulmonary arteries	351	2 (3%)	7 (2%)	0.67
Interstitial lung disease	351	2 (3%)	9 (3%)	1.0
Hyperinflation	351	2 (3%)	3 (1%)	0.22
Pleural effusion	351	7 (11%)	46 (16%)	0.33
Echocardiography
Right atrial dilation	332	10 (17%)	52 (19%)	0.66
Right ventricular dilation	344	20 (32%)	88 (31%)	0. 95
Right ventricular hypertrophy	343	12 (19%)	57 (20%)	0.82
Right ventricular dysfunction	346	6 (9%)	15 (5%)	0.24
Paradoxical septal motion	324	1 (2%)	2 (1%)	0.47
Right ventricular systolic pressure, mm Hg	230	44 ± 19	37 ± 13	0.01
Left atrial size, cm	309	4 ± 1	4 ± 1	0.63
Left ventricular hypertrophy	349	15 (24%)	91 (32%)	0.24
Pericardial effusion	341	8 (13%)	33 (12%)	0.81
Shunting	307			0.46
None		17 (32%)	91 (36%)
Intrapulmonary		31 (58%)	150 (59%)
Intracardiac		5 (9%)	13 (5%)

NOTE: Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.