Table 2.
Demographic characteristics by dementia medication of the subjects who had at least 1 year of follow-up (Cohort 1)
| No medication | ChEI | ChEI+memantine | F ratio/χ2 | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of subjects | 416 | 387 | 140 | ||
| Mean (SD) overall follow-up (months), range | 62.3 (35.8), 9.3 to 202.0 | 44.6 (31.0)*, 9.4 to 216.2 | 40.4 (19.7)†, 10.8 to 90.7 | 41.4 (a) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) age at study entry | 71.8 (8.1) | 74.6 (8.5) | 72.8 (10.2) | 10.3 (b) | <0.001 |
| Gender: women (%) | 285 (68.5) | 261 (67) | 89 (64) | 1.16 | 0.55 |
| Mean (SD) education level | 12.1 (2.9) | 12.4 (2.9) | 13.3 (3.1) | 9.14 (c) | <0.001 |
| Race: Caucasians (%) | 392 (94) | 364 (94) | 132 (94) | 0.015 | 0.99 |
| Mean (SD) MMSE | 17.4 (5.6) | 18.9 (5.1) | 18.6 (5.1) | 8.10 (a) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) MDRS (n=650) | 105.4 (22.4) | 113.3 (15.4) | 114.0 (15.3) | 15.0 (a) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) CDR | 1.2 (0.59) | 1.1 (0.58) | 1.1 (0.62) | 2.88 | 0.06 |
| Mean (SD) BDRS for ADL | 6.4 (4.1) | 4.6 (3.3) | 3.4 (2.7) | 42.8 (d) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) NYU scale for parkinsonism | 10.3 (12.0) | 9.8 (12.4) | 4.9 (8.0) | 4.17 (c) | 0.01 |
| Mean (SD) HDRS | 6.1 (3.9) | 6.1 (4.3) | 6.1 (5.6) | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Mean (SD) HRS | 2.2 (1.6) | 2.7 (1.9) | 2.1 (1.3) | 9.51 (b) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) duration (years) of the disease‡ | 3.8 (2.4) | 3.9 (2.3) | 3.6 (1.8) | 0.77 | 0.46 |
| APOE-4 allele (n=714) (%) | 120 (55) | 222 (60) | 74 (58) | 1.47 | 0.47 |
| Hypertension§ (%) | 109 (26) | 201 (52) | 67 (48) | 59.5 (a) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus¶ (%) | 27 (6.5) | 30 (8) | 6 (4) | 2.02 | 0.36 |
| Heart disease**(%) | 35 (8) | 66 (17) | 31 (22) | 21.4 (a) | <0.001 |
| Deceased (%) | 250 (60) | 126 (33) | 20 (14) | 114.2 (d) | 0.001 |
| Nursing home admission (%) | 203 (49) | 83 (21) | 7 (5) | 122.7 (d) | <0.001 |
ANOVA/χ2 a, no medication different from the other two groups; b, cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) different from the other two groups; c, ChEI+memantine different from the other two groups; d, the three groups are different from each other.
Mean (SD) time on cholinesterase inhibitors: 38.4 (22.4) months
Mean (SD) time on memantine: 19.2 (9.6) months.
From symptom onset to initial evaluation.
Told by doctor.
Told by doctor and using hypoglycaemic agents.
History of congestive heart failure, angina, or coronary by pass grafting/coronary angioplasty.
BDRS for ADL, Blessed Dementia Rating Scale for Activities of Daily Living; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HRS, Hachinski Rating Scale; MDRS, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State examination; NYU, New York University.