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. 2010 Jan 27;91(3):662–671. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28750

TABLE 1.

Adiposity measures and insulin sensitivity (IS) estimates in Chinese twin adolescents aged 13–20 y1

Tanner stage
Adiposity measures2
IS-related measures
OGTT-plasma glucose2
Age (y) n Median Mean ± SD BMI WC %BF %TF QUICKI2 HOMA-IR3 FSI3 FPG 2-h PG
kg/m2 cm % % μU/mL mmol/L mmol/L
Male
 MZ
  13 16 2 1.9 ± 0.8 17.8 ± 1.4 61.2 ± 3.4 12.1 ± 3.4 37.1 ± 4.9 0.15 ± 0.01 2.23 ± 1.49 9.0 ± 1.5 5.5 ± 0.2 6.0 ± 1.0
  14 86 2 2.1 ± 1.0 17.5 ± 2.2 61.1 ± 5.5 11.5 ± 5.5 41.0 ± 4.6 0.15 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 1.49 7.4 ± 1.5 5.5 ± 0.4 6.3 ± 1.2
  15 95 3 2.9 ± 1.1 18.0 ± 1.8 63.3 ± 4.6 10.7 ± 4.3 43.9 ± 6.5 0.15 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 1.82 8.2 ± 1.6 5.5 ± 0.4 6.2 ± 1.2
  16 72 3 3.1 ± 0.8 18.9 ± 2.1 65.3 ± 5.8 12.6 ± 5.84 44.3 ± 5.2 0.15 ± 0.01 2.01 ± 1.49 8.2 ± 1.5 5.4 ± 0.4 6.2 ± 1.3
  17 59 4 3.9 ± 0.8 20.1 ± 1.84 68.0 ± 4.84 11.8 ± 4.6 48.3 ± 5.1 0.15 ± 0.01 1.65 ± 1.49 7.4 ± 1.5 5.3 ± 0.4 5.6 ± 1.2
  18 38 5 4.6 ± 0.6 19.9 ± 1.8 67.4 ± 4.5 11.7 ± 3.7 50.9 ± 4.4 0.15 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 1.65 7.4 ± 1.6 5.4 ± 0.3 6.1 ± 2.0
  19 46 5 4.7 ± 0.5 20.1 ± 2.7 68.9 ± 7.4 11.5 ± 6.2 50.8 ± 5.3 0.16 ± 0.01 1.49 ± 1.82 6.0 ± 1.64 5.4 ± 0.4 5.2 ± 1.1
  20 16 5 4.9 ± 0.3 20.7 ± 2.7 72.7 ± 7.1 14.3 ± 7.6 52.4 ± 5.4 0.15 ± 0.01 1.65 ± 1.82 6.7 ± 1.8 5.6 ± 0.45 5.9 ± 1.2
 DZ
  13 29 2 1.8 ± 0.9 16.9 ± 1.9 59.7 ± 4.8 11.8 ± 4.5 40.3 ± 6.2 0.15 ± 0.01 2.23 ± 1.65 9.0 ± 1.6 5.5 ± 0.3 6.5 ± 1.4
  14 72 2 2.3 ± 1.0 17.6 ± 1.9 62.5 ± 5.4 11.8 ± 5.9 40.7 ± 5.2 0.15 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 1.65 7.4 ± 1.5 5.4 ± 0.4 6.3 ± 1.0
  15 67 3 2.2 ± 1.5 18.4 ± 1.9 63.9 ± 4.9 10.8 ± 4.5 42.2 ± 5.3 0.15 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 1.49 7.4 ± 1.5 5.4 ± 0.4 6.1 ± 1.5
  16 51 3 3.3 ± 0.7 18.9 ± 1.6 65.1 ± 3.8 10.5 ± 3.0 44.2 ± 4.7 0.15 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 1.49 8.2 ± 1.5 5.4 ± 0.4 6.1 ± 1.4
  17 37 4 3.8 ± 0.9 19.1 ± 1.5 65.4 ± 3.8 10.0 ± 3.0 46.8 ± 4.7 0.16 ± 0.01 1.49 ± 1.35 6.7 ± 1.4 5.3 ± 0.4 5.9 ± 1.3
  18 42 4 4.3 ± 0.8 19.5 ± 1.7 68.1 ± 4.9 11.3 ± 5.0 48.8 ± 5.6 0.16 ± 0.01 1.65 ± 1.82 6.7 ± 1.6 5.3 ± 0.4 5.6 ± 1.3
  19 28 5 4.6 ± 0.6 19.9 ± 2.2 67.7 ± 5.5 11.8 ± 5.8 50.8 ± 5.4 0.15 ± 0.01 1.82 ± 1.65 8.2 ± 1.6 5.3 ± 0.4 5.5 ± 1.1
  20 31 5 4.9 ± 0.3 20.8 ± 2.3 70.0 ± 5.9 12.8 ± 6.6 53.1 ± 6.3 0.16 ± 0.02 1.49 ± 1.82 6.7 ± 1.8 5.3 ± 0.3 5.3 ± 1.3
Female
 MZ
  13 22 2 2.7 ± 0.8 17.6 ± 2.2 61.0 ± 4.6 22.0 ± 5.4 45.3 ± 6.2 0.15 ± 0.01 2.23 ± 1.65 9.0 ± 1.6 5.4 ± 0.3 6.7 ± 1.6
  14 85 3 2.7 ± 0.7 18.5 ± 2.0 63.0 ± 5.6 24.0 ± 5.9 46.4 ± 4.0 0.15 ± 0.01 2.23 ± 1.65 10.0 ± 1.5 5.4 ± 0.4 5.8 ± 1.2
  15 71 3 3.0 ± 0.6 19.8 ± 2.5 66.2 ± 7.1 27.3 ± 6.2 47.6 ± 4.2 0.15 ± 0.01 2.46 ± 1.35 10.0 ± 1.3 5.3 ± 0.4 5.9 ± 1.4
  16 45 3 3.3 ± 0.9 19.8 ± 2.4 66.5 ± 6.8 27.6 ± 5.4 49.6 ± 2.7 0.14 ± 0.01 2.46 ± 1.65 11.0 ± 1.6 5.3 ± 0.5 6.6 ± 1.5
  17 52 4 3.7 ± 0.8 20.6 ± 1.9 66.5 ± 6.4 28.8 ± 4.5 49.6 ± 3.5 0.14 ± 0.01 2.46 ± 1.49 11.0 ± 1.5 5.2 ± 0.5 5.9 ± 1.2
  18 43 4 3.9 ± 0.8 21.1 ± 1.9 69.2 ± 5.0 30.3 ± 3.9 51.1 ± 3.3 0.14 ± 0.014 2.72 ± 1.494 11.0 ± 1.5 5.3 ± 0.5 5.9 ± 1.0
  19 42 4 4.3 ± 0.7 21.2 ± 2.2 69.6 ± 5.9 30.1 ± 5.0 51.5 ± 4.0 0.15 ± 0.01 2.01 ± 1.49 8.2 ± 1.5 5.2 ± 0.3 5.3 ± 1.1
  20 34 5 4.6 ± 0.7 21.6 ± 2.64 68.5 ± 5.7 30.0 ± 5.0 51.3 ± 3.4 0.15 ± 0.01 2.23 ± 1.49 9.0 ± 1.5 5.1 ± 0.3 5.2 ± 1.0
 DZ
  13 19 2 2.2 ± 1.0 17.3 ± 2.0 59.6 ± 5.3 20.4 ± 5.5 45.1 ± 5.6 0.15 ± 0.01 2.23 ± 1.49 9.0 ± 1.5 5.3 ± 0.3 6.0 ± 0.8
  14 28 3 2.7 ± 0.8 18.1 ± 2.1 62.1 ± 5.2 22.7 ± 6.6 45.7 ± 4.4 0.15 ± 0.01 2.46 ± 1.65 11.0 ± 1.5 5.3 ± 0.5 6.0 ± 1.1
  15 72 3 2.9 ± 0.7 19.3 ± 2.2 64.6 ± 5.8 26.6 ± 5.0 46.5 ± 4.1 0.15 ± 0.01 2.46 ± 1.49 10.0 ± 1.5 5.4 ± 0.4 6.0 ± 1.1
  16 45 3 3.3 ± 0.9 20.0 ± 2.4 66.6 ± 6.2 28.4 ± 5.4 49.0 ± 4.1 0.15 ± 0.01 2.23 ± 1.65 10.0 ± 1.6 5.3 ± 0.5 6.0 ± 1.6
  17 32 4 3.8 ± 0.7 21.0 ± 2.0 68.3 ± 5.5 29.4 ± 5.1 48.1 ± 4.3 0.15 ± 0.01 2.46 ± 1.49 10.0 ± 1.5 5.3 ± 0.4 5.8 ± 0.8
  18 29 4 4.3 ± 0.7 20.5 ± 1.8 67.7 ± 4.9 28.5 ± 4.7 49.2 ± 3.6 0.15 ± 0.01 2.01 ± 1.49 9.0 ± 1.5 5.1 ± 0.4 5.6 ± 1.3
  19 14 5 4.6 ± 0.5 21.5 ± 1.6 69.8 ± 5.0 29.2 ± 3.4 50.2 ± 3.4 0.15 ± 0.01 2.01 ± 1.65 9.0 ± 1.6 5.3 ± 0.4 5.4 ± 1.0
  20 19 5 4.8 ± 0.4 19.8 ± 2.0 66.3 ± 6.0 27.4 ± 4.2 50.3 ± 4.0 0.15 ± 0.01 2.01 ± 1.82 9.0 ± 1.6 5.1 ± 0.5 5.4 ± 1.4
1

WC, waist circumference; %BF, percentage body fat; %TF, percentage trunk fat; QUICKI, QUantitative Insulin-sensitivity ChecK Index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; FSI, fasting serum insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2-h PG, 2-h postload glucose; OGTT, oral-glucose-tolerance test; MZ, monozygotic; DZ, dizygotic.

2

Values are means ± SDs.

3

Values are geometric means ± SDs.

4,5

Sex-specific generalized estimating equation linear regressions were used to test the difference of each continuous value between MZ and DZ twins within each 1-y age (2-sided P values): 4P < 0.05, 5P < 0.01.