TABLE 1.
Adiposity measures and insulin sensitivity (IS) estimates in Chinese twin adolescents aged 13–20 y1
| Tanner stage |
Adiposity measures2 |
IS-related measures |
OGTT-plasma glucose2 |
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| Age (y) | n | Median | Mean ± SD | BMI | WC | %BF | %TF | QUICKI2 | HOMA-IR3 | FSI3 | FPG | 2-h PG |
| kg/m2 | cm | % | % | μU/mL | mmol/L | mmol/L | ||||||
| Male | ||||||||||||
| MZ | ||||||||||||
| 13 | 16 | 2 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 17.8 ± 1.4 | 61.2 ± 3.4 | 12.1 ± 3.4 | 37.1 ± 4.9 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.23 ± 1.49 | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 6.0 ± 1.0 |
| 14 | 86 | 2 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 17.5 ± 2.2 | 61.1 ± 5.5 | 11.5 ± 5.5 | 41.0 ± 4.6 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 1.49 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 1.2 |
| 15 | 95 | 3 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 18.0 ± 1.8 | 63.3 ± 4.6 | 10.7 ± 4.3 | 43.9 ± 6.5 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 1.82 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 1.2 |
| 16 | 72 | 3 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 18.9 ± 2.1 | 65.3 ± 5.8 | 12.6 ± 5.84 | 44.3 ± 5.2 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.01 ± 1.49 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 1.3 |
| 17 | 59 | 4 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 20.1 ± 1.84 | 68.0 ± 4.84 | 11.8 ± 4.6 | 48.3 ± 5.1 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.65 ± 1.49 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 1.2 |
| 18 | 38 | 5 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 19.9 ± 1.8 | 67.4 ± 4.5 | 11.7 ± 3.7 | 50.9 ± 4.4 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 1.65 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 2.0 |
| 19 | 46 | 5 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 20.1 ± 2.7 | 68.9 ± 7.4 | 11.5 ± 6.2 | 50.8 ± 5.3 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 1.49 ± 1.82 | 6.0 ± 1.64 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 1.1 |
| 20 | 16 | 5 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 20.7 ± 2.7 | 72.7 ± 7.1 | 14.3 ± 7.6 | 52.4 ± 5.4 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.65 ± 1.82 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 5.6 ± 0.45 | 5.9 ± 1.2 |
| DZ | ||||||||||||
| 13 | 29 | 2 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 16.9 ± 1.9 | 59.7 ± 4.8 | 11.8 ± 4.5 | 40.3 ± 6.2 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.23 ± 1.65 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 1.4 |
| 14 | 72 | 2 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 17.6 ± 1.9 | 62.5 ± 5.4 | 11.8 ± 5.9 | 40.7 ± 5.2 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 1.65 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 1.0 |
| 15 | 67 | 3 | 2.2 ± 1.5 | 18.4 ± 1.9 | 63.9 ± 4.9 | 10.8 ± 4.5 | 42.2 ± 5.3 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 1.49 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 6.1 ± 1.5 |
| 16 | 51 | 3 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 18.9 ± 1.6 | 65.1 ± 3.8 | 10.5 ± 3.0 | 44.2 ± 4.7 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 1.49 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 6.1 ± 1.4 |
| 17 | 37 | 4 | 3.8 ± 0.9 | 19.1 ± 1.5 | 65.4 ± 3.8 | 10.0 ± 3.0 | 46.8 ± 4.7 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 1.49 ± 1.35 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 1.3 |
| 18 | 42 | 4 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 19.5 ± 1.7 | 68.1 ± 4.9 | 11.3 ± 5.0 | 48.8 ± 5.6 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 1.65 ± 1.82 | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 1.3 |
| 19 | 28 | 5 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 19.9 ± 2.2 | 67.7 ± 5.5 | 11.8 ± 5.8 | 50.8 ± 5.4 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.82 ± 1.65 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 1.1 |
| 20 | 31 | 5 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 20.8 ± 2.3 | 70.0 ± 5.9 | 12.8 ± 6.6 | 53.1 ± 6.3 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 1.49 ± 1.82 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 1.3 |
| Female | ||||||||||||
| MZ | ||||||||||||
| 13 | 22 | 2 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 17.6 ± 2.2 | 61.0 ± 4.6 | 22.0 ± 5.4 | 45.3 ± 6.2 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.23 ± 1.65 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 1.6 |
| 14 | 85 | 3 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 18.5 ± 2.0 | 63.0 ± 5.6 | 24.0 ± 5.9 | 46.4 ± 4.0 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.23 ± 1.65 | 10.0 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 1.2 |
| 15 | 71 | 3 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 19.8 ± 2.5 | 66.2 ± 7.1 | 27.3 ± 6.2 | 47.6 ± 4.2 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 1.35 | 10.0 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 1.4 |
| 16 | 45 | 3 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 19.8 ± 2.4 | 66.5 ± 6.8 | 27.6 ± 5.4 | 49.6 ± 2.7 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 1.65 | 11.0 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 1.5 |
| 17 | 52 | 4 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 20.6 ± 1.9 | 66.5 ± 6.4 | 28.8 ± 4.5 | 49.6 ± 3.5 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 1.49 | 11.0 ± 1.5 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 1.2 |
| 18 | 43 | 4 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 21.1 ± 1.9 | 69.2 ± 5.0 | 30.3 ± 3.9 | 51.1 ± 3.3 | 0.14 ± 0.014 | 2.72 ± 1.494 | 11.0 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 1.0 |
| 19 | 42 | 4 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 21.2 ± 2.2 | 69.6 ± 5.9 | 30.1 ± 5.0 | 51.5 ± 4.0 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.01 ± 1.49 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 1.1 |
| 20 | 34 | 5 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 21.6 ± 2.64 | 68.5 ± 5.7 | 30.0 ± 5.0 | 51.3 ± 3.4 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.23 ± 1.49 | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 1.0 |
| DZ | ||||||||||||
| 13 | 19 | 2 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 17.3 ± 2.0 | 59.6 ± 5.3 | 20.4 ± 5.5 | 45.1 ± 5.6 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.23 ± 1.49 | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.8 |
| 14 | 28 | 3 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 18.1 ± 2.1 | 62.1 ± 5.2 | 22.7 ± 6.6 | 45.7 ± 4.4 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 1.65 | 11.0 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 1.1 |
| 15 | 72 | 3 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 19.3 ± 2.2 | 64.6 ± 5.8 | 26.6 ± 5.0 | 46.5 ± 4.1 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 1.49 | 10.0 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 1.1 |
| 16 | 45 | 3 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 20.0 ± 2.4 | 66.6 ± 6.2 | 28.4 ± 5.4 | 49.0 ± 4.1 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.23 ± 1.65 | 10.0 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 1.6 |
| 17 | 32 | 4 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 21.0 ± 2.0 | 68.3 ± 5.5 | 29.4 ± 5.1 | 48.1 ± 4.3 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 1.49 | 10.0 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.8 |
| 18 | 29 | 4 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 20.5 ± 1.8 | 67.7 ± 4.9 | 28.5 ± 4.7 | 49.2 ± 3.6 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.01 ± 1.49 | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 1.3 |
| 19 | 14 | 5 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 21.5 ± 1.6 | 69.8 ± 5.0 | 29.2 ± 3.4 | 50.2 ± 3.4 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.01 ± 1.65 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 1.0 |
| 20 | 19 | 5 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 19.8 ± 2.0 | 66.3 ± 6.0 | 27.4 ± 4.2 | 50.3 ± 4.0 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 2.01 ± 1.82 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 1.4 |
1
WC, waist circumference; %BF, percentage body fat; %TF, percentage trunk fat; QUICKI, QUantitative Insulin-sensitivity ChecK Index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; FSI, fasting serum insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2-h PG, 2-h postload glucose; OGTT, oral-glucose-tolerance test; MZ, monozygotic; DZ, dizygotic.
2
Values are means ± SDs.
3
Values are geometric means ± SDs.
4,5
Sex-specific generalized estimating equation linear regressions were used to test the difference of each continuous value between MZ and DZ twins within each 1-y age (2-sided P values): 4P < 0.05, 5P < 0.01.