Table 2.

Optimal ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) conditions within the parameters tested in this study.

	CIR: July	CIR: October	Alamo: July	Alamo: October
Ammonia (g/g BM)	0.9	2.0	1.6	2.0
Water (g/g BM)	0.4	0.4	2.0	2.0
Residence time (min)	20	30	30	25
Temperature (°C)	80	130	160	150
Sugar yield (g/kg BM)	385	280	288	320
Sugar yield (%)	65.6	41.6	45.0	49.5
Glucose yield (g/kg BM)	276	172	198	221
Xylose yield (g/kg BM)	98	102	89	100
R2	80.0%	79.9%	83.6%	94.1%

BM = biomass; CIR = Cave-in-Rock.