Fig. 6.

Model of stress-induced impairment of NSC proliferation in the hippocampus. Stress activates IL-1β/NF-κB signaling, resulting in impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis and thereby contributing to depressive-like behaviors. Notably, the results demonstrate that acute stress decreases NSC proliferation and that this effect is mediated by IL-1β/NF-κB signaling. In contrast, antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis by inducing NSC [electroconvulsive seizure (ECS)] or ANP (chronic fluoxetine) proliferation.