Table 4.

Literature Review of Studies Showing Coefficient of Variation and Effect Sizes for Estimating Effects on Threshold Sensations

Thresholds	N	mean	SD	COV, %	Effect size demonstrable With >80% power †	Reference No.
First Sensation	13	26.4	9.01	34.14	35%	Simren (30)
Gas	13	36.4	10.81	29.70	30%
Discomfort	13	43.3	8.29	19.15	20%
Pain	13	46.4	5.41	11.66	12%
Pain	34	36.61	10.61	28.99	19%	Grover (31)
First Perception (Day 1)	10	7.1	3.48	48.99	56%	Tack (32)
First Perception (Day 2 - preinfusion)	10	9.6	4.11	42.82	49%

^†Based on a 2-sample t-test (2-sided alpha level of 0.05) assuming the listed sample size per group(N) . Effect size is the difference in group means divided by the overall mean (in % scale)