Cell density in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 region examined at 35 days after traumatic brain injury (TBI) (hematoxylin and eosin staining). TBI caused significant cell loss in the ipsilateral DG and CA3 region in the wild-type (b and h) and EPOR-null mice (e and k). EPO treatment significantly reduced cell loss in the DG and CA3 region in both groups (c and i, f and l, respectively; scale bar = 50 μm in a–l). (m) The cell numbers in the DG and CA3 region. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 6 for wild-sham mice; n = 8 for wild-saline and wild-EPO mice; n = 6 for null-sham mice; n = 10 for null-saline and null-EPO mice; EPO, erythropoietin; EPOR, EPO receptor; SD, standard deviation).