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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mucosal Immunol. 2009 Nov 25;3(2):148–158. doi: 10.1038/mi.2009.132

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Antibiotic administration by gavage mimics molecular, anatomic, histologic, and immunologic characteristics of reduced microbial stimulation without animal dehydration. A) Weights of animals gavaged with unsupplemented (H2O; N=4) or antibiotic-supplemented (ABX; N=5) water (± s.e.m). B) 16S rDNA gene copies as quantified from stool pellets collected before (day 0) or over the course of antibiotic treatment (days 1, 5, 9) (N=5; ± s.e.m). C) Cecal images from control-treated (H2O), day 10 antibiotic-treated (ABX), or germ-free animals (GF) (bar, 1 cm). D) Photomicrographs of H&E stained cecal sections from control-treated (H2O), day 10 antibiotic-treated (ABX), or germ-free animals (GF) showing expansion of the lamina propria and enterocyte hyperplasia in ceca from antibiotic-treated and germ-free animals (bar, 50 μm). E) Quantification of cecal villus length and width from control-treated (H2O; N=4), day 10 antibiotic-treated (ABX; N=5), or germ-free animals (GF; N=3) (***, p<0.001; ± s.e.m). F) Quantification of RELMβ protein in stool pellets by western blot over the course of antibiotic treatment (N=5) (**, p 0.01; ± s.e.m).