Table 3.
Multivariate analysis of performance-based physical function tests
| Covariates | Mean ± SD/% | Unit | Mean difference per unit change |
Mean difference per unit change |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grip strength, kg | Walking speed, m/s | Chair stand test, s | ||||||
| adjusted for ASM | adjusted for ASM/weight | adjusted for ASM | adjusted for ASM/weight | adjusted for ASM | adjusted for ASM/weight | |||
| Males | ||||||||
| Cognitive impairment | 4.9 | yes/no | −2.64 (−3.75, −1.53)∗ | −3.22 (−4.43, −2.01)∗ | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)∗ | −0.08 (−0.12, −0.03)∗ | 0.80 (0.01, 1.58)∗ | 0.81 (0.03, 1.6)∗ |
| Age, years | 72.3 ± 5.0 | 5.0 | −1.52 (−1.78, −1.27)∗ | −2.05 (−2.32, −1.79)∗ | −0.06 (−0.07, −0.05)∗ | −0.06 (−0.07, −0.05)∗ | 0.63 (0.45, 0.8)∗ | 0.62 (0.45, 0.79)∗ |
| PASEscore | 97.2 ± 50.2 | 50.2 | −0.46 (0.22, 0.7)∗ | −0.53 (0.27, 0.8)∗ | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04)∗ | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04)∗ | −0.36 (−0.53, −0.19)∗ | −0.35 (−0.52, −0.17)∗ |
| Diabetes | 14.7 | yes/no | −1.15 (−1.83, −0.48)∗ | −0.32 (−1.06, 0.42) | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | 0.23 (−0.25, 0.71) | 0.19 (−0.29, 0.66) |
| Stroke | 5.5 | yes/no | −1.91 (−2.96, −0.87)∗ | −1.69 (−2.83, −0.55)∗ | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.05)∗ | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.05)∗ | 1.03 (0.29, 1.78)∗ | 1.00 (0.26, 1.75)∗ |
| Heartdisease | 18.3 | yes/no | −0.36 (−0.98,0.26) | −0.17 (−0.51, 0.85) | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.003)∗ | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.002) | 0.53 (0.09, 0.97)∗ | 0.48 (0.04, 0.92)∗ |
| Arthritis | 24.3 | yes/no | −0.84 (−1.4, −0.29)∗ | −0.22 (−0.83, 0.38) | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.003)∗ | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.002) | 0.41 (0.02, 0.81)∗ | 0.38 (−0.01, 0.77) |
| ASM, kg | 19.1 ± 2.6 | 2.6 | −2.53 (2.28, 2.77)∗ | − | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03)∗ | − | −0.03 (−0.2, 0.14) | − |
| ASM/weight | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.02 | − | −0.61 (0.39, 0.83)∗ | − | 0.01 (0.002, 0.02)∗ | − | −0.13 (−0.27, 0.01) |
| Females | ||||||||
| Cognitive impairment | 25.3 | yes/no | −0.47 (−0.85, −0.09)∗ | −–0.4 (−0.81, 0.01) | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.03)∗ | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.03)∗ | 0.99 (0.47, 1.5)∗ | 1.00 (0.49, 1.52)∗ |
| Age, years | 72.5 ± 5.3 | 5.3 | −0.81 (−0.98, −0.64)∗ | −1.15 (−1.33, −0.97)∗ | −0.05 (−0.06, −0.04)∗ | −0.05 (−0.06, −0.04)∗ | 0.68 (0.44, 0.91)∗ | 0.63 (0.4, 0.86)∗ |
| PASEscore | 85.3 ± 33.1 | 33.1 | −0.30 (0.13, 0.47)∗ | −0.37 (0.19, 0.56)∗ | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04)∗ | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04)∗ | −0.38 (−0.61, −0.15)∗ | −0.35 (−0.58, −0.12)∗ |
| Diabetes | 14.3 | yes/no | −0.77 (−1.23, −0.31)∗ | −0.54 (−1.03, −0.04)∗ | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.004) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0) | 0.59 (−0.03, 1.21) | 0.64 (0.01, 1.26)∗ |
| Stroke | 3.3 | yes/no | −0.78 (−1.68,0.13) | −1.07 (−2.04, −0.1)∗ | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.01) | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.01) | 0.92 (−0.31, 2.14) | 0.87 (−0.35, 2.1) |
| Heart disease | 16.5 | yes/no | −0.36 (−0.79, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.49, 0.46) | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.01) | 0.22 (−0.37, 0.81) | 0.23 (−0.37, 0.82) |
| Arthritis | 21.8 | yes/no | −0.70 (−1.1, −0.31)∗ | −0.27 (−0.69, 0.16) | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.03)∗ | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.03)∗ | 1.36 (0.83, 1.89)∗ | 1.39 (0.86, 1.92)∗ |
| ASM, kg | 13.81 ± 1.9 | 1.9 | −1.59 (1.42, 1.75)∗ | − | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | − | 0.24 (0.02, 0.47)∗ | − |
| ASM/weight | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.02 | − | −0.41 (0.27, 0.55)∗ | − | 0.01 (−0.0001, 0.01) | − | −0.07 (−0.24, 0.11) |
95% confidence limits are given in parentheses.
∗
p < 0.05.