Table 2.

Commonly used drugs that may predispose to status epilepticus by lowering the seizure threshold or by increasing the clearance of antiepileptic drugs

Antibiotics (especially in older adults or in patients with renal impairment)

Penicillins

Imipenem

Cephalosporins

Isoniazid

Metronidazole

Erythromycin

Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin

Antihistamines

Diphenhydramine

Antipsychotics

Clozapine, chlorpromazine

Antidepressants

Maprotiline

Bupropion

Tricyclics, especially clomipramine

Other drugs

Fentanyl

Flumazenil

Ketamine

Lidocaine

Lithium

Meperidine

Propoxyphene

Theophylline

Baclofen (acute withdrawal)