Table 1.

Classification of speech sounds based on manner of articulation

Manner of articulation	Modulation	Example
Stops	Completely blocking the air behind the constriction made by the tongue/lip and releasing it suddenly.	/p/ as in pen, /b/ as in bag, /t/ as in tea, /k/ as in king
Fricatives	Narrow constriction with air rushing through the narrowed passage.	/s/ as in see, /z/ as in zebra
Affricates	Combination of stops and fricatives. Produced by complete closure made by the tongue followed by slow release of air through a narrow constriction.	/ch/ as in chips, /j/ as in jug
Laterals	Closure in the midline of the tongue with lateral escape of air.	/l/ as in look
Trills/Rhotics	Vibration of the tip of the tongue against the air stream.	/r/ as in read
Glides	Produced by gliding, or gradually changing the shape of the articulators	/w/ as in watch