Table 1.

Differences in craving by situational variables

Predictor	Mean craving
Predictor category (vs. contrast category)	Predictor category	Contrast category	B	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	p value
Discouraged or forbidden (vs. allowed)	7.53	7.36	0.170	0.098	0.242	<.0001**
Work (vs. home)	7.39	7.36	0.033	−0.057	0.123	.47a
Bar/restaurant (vs. other locations)	7.38	7.40	−0.017	−0.135	0.101	.78
Inactive (vs. active)	7.30	7.37	−0.074	−0.147	−0.002	.045*
Engaged in work or chores (vs. leisure)	7.38	7.31	0.074	0.016	0.132	.013*
Eating or drinking (vs. not eating or drinking)	7.60	7.34	0.263	0.177	0.348	<.0001**
Eating (vs. not eating)	7.54	7.33	0.208	0.143	0.273	<.0001**
Drinking (vs. not drinking)	7.43	7.33	0.106	0.051	0.161	<.001**
Drinking caffeine (vs. not drinking caffeine)	7.33	7.32	0.009	−0.071	0.089	.82b
Drinking alcohol (vs. not drinking alcohol)	7.28	7.31	−0.075	−0.182	0.114	.65b
First morning cigarette report (vs. all others)	7.47	7.34	0.125	0.059	0.191	<.001**
Social smoking predictors
Interacting with others (vs. not interacting)	7.36	7.39	−0.028	−0.086	0.030	.34c
With others (vs. alone)	7.39	7.34	0.052	0.003	0.101	.036*
Others in group (vs. others in view)	7.40	7.24	0.155	0.060	0.250	<.001**
Other people smoking (vs. no others smoking)	7.40	7.38	0.006	−0.060	0.072	.86
Others smoking × others in group/view (interaction)	–	–	0.045	−0.123	0.214	.60
Others in group and other people smokingd	7.39	7.47	−0.085	−0.159	−0.010	.026*
Others in view and other people smoking	7.30	7.33	−0.032	−0.233	0.169	.75

Note. Unless otherwise noted, controlling for smoking restrictions did not significantly change the results.

^aWhen controlling for restrictions, effect no longer significant.

^bControlling for drinking.

^cControlling for presence of others.

^dOthers smoking only denotes whether or not any other people were smoking; does not differentiate whether others smoking were in one’s group or in view.

*p < .05; **p < .01.