Table 4.
Variable | Young | Older | Odds Ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recover (n = 31) |
Fall:Step (n = 11) |
Recover (n = 8) |
Fall:Step (n = 18) |
Fall:No-Step (n = 10) |
For Falling a |
||
At Slip Onset: | |||||||
ZHIP | (%bh) | 43.9 ± 1.5 | 43.6 ± 1.7 | 42.8 ± 0.8 e | 41.8 ± 1.7 e | 42.4 ± 1.6 | 2.17 j |
dZHIP/dt | (%bh/s) | 37.1 ± 8.2 | 38.0 ± 8.3 | 28.4 ± 6.0 e | 23.1 ± 5.3 e | 23.2 ± 4.8 | 2.27 j |
At Start of Hip Descent: | |||||||
From Onset | (ms) | 284 ± 110 | 245 ± 38 | 347 ± 95 d | 321 ± 74 d | 268 ± 35 | 1.16 |
ZHIP | (%bh/s) | 52.1 ± 1.4 | 51.1 ± 1.8 | 51.3 ± 1.0 | 47.9 ± 2.2 c | 47.9 ± 2.2 i | 7.14 k |
From Step Initiation to Touchdown:b | |||||||
ΔZHIP | (%bh) | −1.2 ± 1.6 | −5.8 ± 2.6 h | −0.3 ± 1.7 e | −3.1 ± 1.9 e,h | – | 7.69 j |
ΔdZHIP/dt | (%bh/s) | −17.5 ± 17.6 | −31.7 ± 22.8 f | −19.5 ± 16.3 | −38.4 ± 28.2 f | – | 2.56 j |
At 1st Step Touchdown: | |||||||
ZHIP | (%bh) | 50.7 ± 1.6 | 45.0 ± 2.3 h | 50.4 ± 1.1 | 44.1 ± 2.6 h | – | 101.95 k |
ZHIP = height of hip midpoint; dZHIP/dt = vertical velocity of hip midpoint; bh = body height; Δ = change
Factor by which the odds of falling change for a decrease of 1 SD in the variable across all subjects.
Step initiation could not be identified in 1 Young Recover, 1 Young Fall:Step, and 3 Older Fall:Step subjects.
p < .001 vs. Young Fall:Step and Older Recover (interaction of age group and slip outcome).
p < .01 vs. Young
p ≤ .001 vs. Young (main effect of age group).
p < .01 vs. Recover
p < .001 vs. Recover (main effect of slip outcome).
p < .01 vs. Older Recover.
p < .01
p < .001 for Odds Ratio ≠ 1.