TABLE 2.

Evidence of “IRIS” in Patients with PML early after initiating HAART (group UPML)

Case no.	sex, age, ethnicity	HAART initiation to PML onset (days)	HAART regimen	means of diagnosis	clinical features	localization	MRI evidence of inflammatory reactions	CD4 count (cells/μl) at PML onset	HIV viral load (copies/ml) at PML onset	treatment w/ cidofovir	outcome (days of survival)
1	F, 41, Latino	140	3TC, TDF, lopinavir/ritonavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical, radiological	headache, photophobia, memory loss	R middle cerebellar peduncle lesion	no enhancement	57	undetectable	+	unknown
2	M, 36, Caucasian	111	3TC, d4T, efavirenz, nelfinavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical, radiological	headache, photophobia, CN VI & VII palsies	bilateral cerebellar hemispheric lesions	contrast enhancement	45	undetectable	+	survived (>400 days) with clinical improvement
3	F, 27, Latino	77	3TC, TDF, lopinavir/ritonavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical, radiological	speech disturbances, CN VII palsy	L cerebellum & cerebellar peduncle lesions	no enhancement	47	undetectable	+	survived (>400 days) with clinical improvement
4	F, 52, African-American	77	3TC, AZT, d4T, nelfinavir, indinavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical	ataxia	n.a.	n.a.	274	undetectable	+	survived (>400 days) with clinical improvement
5	F, 32, African-American	47	FTC, TDF, atazanavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical, radiological	ataxia, CN VII palsy	R middle cerebellar peduncle lesion	no enhancement	20	929	−	survived (>400 days) with clinical improvement
6	M, 35, Caucasian	47	3TC, d4T, nelfinavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical, radiological	vision abnormalities, speech disturbances, CN V, VI &VII palsies	multiple patchy enhancing lesions	mild contrast enhancement	50	undetectable	+	survived (>400 days) with clinical improvement
7	M, 51, Latino	110	3TC, AZT, saquinavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical, radiological	visual abnormalities, ataxia, dizziness	L frontal, temporal; R frontal, brainstem (including VI nucleus)	mild contrast enhancement	26	1800	−	unknown
8	M, 30, African-American	82	abacavir, d4T, amprenavir	CSF JCV ⊕, clinical, radiological	gait abnormalities, ataxia, confusion	diffuse asymmetric lesions in white matter	no enhancement	83	n.a.	+	unknown
Summary of eight UCSD cases	M:F 4:4 median age = 35.5	median = 80 days	2 NRTI + 1 PI regimen	CSF JCV ⊕ clinical + radiological	ataxia (N = 4) CN palsies (N = 4) photophobia (N =2) speech disturbances (N = 2) visual abnormalities (N = 2)	4 of 8: lesions confined to the cerebellum +/− cerebellar peduncles	3 of 7: contrast enhancement	median = 48 range = 20 − 274	6 of 8: undetectable viral load	6 of 8: cidofovir treatment	5 survived; 4 unknown
Summary of thirteen published cases*	M:F 10:3 median age = 37	median = 35 days	2 NRTI + 1 PI regimen	9 of 13: CSF JCV ⊕ 3 of 13: clinical or radiological 1 of 13: biopsy	−	−	4 of 13: contrast enhancement	median = 241 range = 23 – 419	5 of 12: undetectable viral load	−	9 survived; 8 died

^*Cinque et al., 2003