Table 2.

Ranks (out of 633) of constituencies with the ten highest average abstention rates based on 1979, 1983, 1987, and 1992 general elections; social fragmentation scores based on 1981 and 1991 censuses; and Townsend scores based on 1981 and 1991 censuses

	Abstention	Social fragmentation	Townsend
Abstention
Peckham	1	15	11
Newham South	2	67	38
Newham North West	3	52	34
City of London and Westminster South	4	2	67
Bethnal Green and Stepney	5	21	3
Hackney South and Shoreditch	6	27	14
Chelsea	7	1	82
Manchester Central	8	14	9
Bow and Poplar	9	29	12
Hackney North and Stoke Newington	10	18	17
Social fragmentation
Chelsea	7	1	82
City of London and Westminster South	4	2	67
Kensington	28	3	49
Westminster North	57	4	35
Hampstead and Highgate	82	5	99
Holborn and St Pancras	20	6	27
Hammersmith	94	7	39
Vauxhall	13	8	19
Islington North	23	9	32
Bristol West	140	10	245
Townsend
Glasgow Provan	30	46	1
Glasgow Springburn	31	37	2
Bethnal Green and Stepney	5	21	3
Glasgow Garscadden	106	75	4
Birmingham Small Heath	14	68	5
Liverpool Riverside	11	12	6
Glasgow Maryhill	29	26	7
Glasgow Central	24	32	8
Manchester Central	8	14	9
Glasgow Shettleston	71	94	10