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. 1999 Oct 16;319(7216):1034–1037. doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7216.1034

Table 3.

Difference (SE) in suicide rates and all other cause mortality per 100 000 population associated with SD increase in average abstention, social fragmentation, and Townsend scores, 1981-92

Abstention Social fragmentation score Townsend score
Suicide
Males
 <25 1.27 (0.11) 1.63 (0.10) 1.33 (0.10)*
 25-44 3.77 (0.26) 4.62 (0.23) 4.38 (0.25)*
 45-64 3.74 (0.27) 5.08 (0.24) 3.70 (0.28)*
 ⩾65 1.55 (0.31) 2.61 (0.30) 1.20 (0.32)*
Females
 <25 0.69 (0.05) 0.74 (0.05) 0.62 (0.05)*
 25-44 1.43 (0.13) 2.00 (0.11) 1.52 (0.13)*
 45-64 1.29 (0.18) 1.93 (0.17) 1.25 (0.18)*
 ⩾65 0.80 (0.20) 1.22 (0.19) 0.05 (0.20)
All other causes
Males
 <25 5.18 (0.45) 4.62 (0.47) 6.34 (0.42)*
 25-44 14.50 (0.81) 15.61 (0.74) 19.65 (0.65)*
 45-64 148.16 (7.90) 116.95 (8.75) 217.85 (4.69)*
 ⩾65 283.82 (20.59) 225.20 (21.73) 427.62 (16.48)*
Females
 <25 4.69 (0.36) 3.74 (0.38) 5.36 (0.34)*
 25-44 3.24 (0.45) 2.60 (0.44) 6.66 (0.39)*
 45-64 67.29 (4.44) 49.36 (4.79) 108.39 (2.78)*
 ⩾65 159.19 (18.77) 152.46 (18.56) 220.53 (17.81)*
*

P<0.001.