TABLE 1.
Group | Mutants | Response to PAM3CSK4a | Response to MALP-2a | Expressionb | Binding of PAM3CSK4c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of wild type | % of wild type ± S.E. | ||||
Apolar residues with side chains inside the lipid-binding pocket | F284K | ++ | ++ | NDd | 142 ± 12 |
F295K | ++ | ++ | ND | 89 ± 7,2 | |
I319D | − | + | 136 | 3,4 ± 4 | |
F325K | − | − | 89,4 | 65 ± 4,8 | |
L328K | − | − | 70,6 | 46 ± 6 | |
L331K | + | + | 74 | 82 ± 8,7 | |
Residues on the surface near the entrance into the binding pocket | F322K | ++ | ++ | ND | 76,8 ± 6,4 |
Y323K | − | − | 102 | 42 ± 4,8 | |
L324K | + | + | 102 | 75 ± 8,4 | |
D327K | − | + | 56,5 | 106 ± 8,5 | |
Residues not in contact with either TLR1 or lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 | F237D | + | + | 1,2 | ND |
F239K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
E246K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
T262K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
D263K | − | − | 68 | 119 ± 9,7 | |
S265K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
T288K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
G291K | − | − | 68,2 | 92 ± 5,6 | |
G293R | − | − | 134 | 96 ± 4,8 | |
D301K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
V309K | + | + | 3,2 | ND | |
E310K | ++ | + | ND | ND | |
T311K | ++ | + | ND | ND | |
S329K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
Y332K | ++ | ++ | ND | ND | |
L334K | + | ++ | 54,5 | ND | |
Mutants not expressed at the cell surface | G307K | − | − | 0 | ND |
L317K | − | − | 0 | ND |
a Response of TLR2 mutants to PAM3CSK4. −, no response; +, intermediate response compared with wild type; ++, no significant difference between mutant and wild type.
b The expression of TLR2 mutants at the surface of transiently transfected cells was measured by flow cytometry with an antibody that recognizes the FLAG epitope expressed at the N terminus of the protein. The results are expressed as the percentages of cells with fluorescence intensity above vector control compared with wild type.
c Binding of fluorescent A488-Pam3CSK4 to the cell surface was measured as described under “Experimental Procedures” and expressed as a percentage of wild type.
d ND, not done.