Table 1.
Glucose (mg/dl) | Time (min) | Glycogenolysis | Gluconeogenesis | Hepatic glucose output (mg/kg/min) | Counterregulatory hormone response | Neuroglycopenic symptoms |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80 | 0 | Normal | Normal | 1 | None | None |
70 | 10 | Normal | Normal | 1 | None | None |
60 | 20 | ↑b | Normal | 1.5 | G, C, GH | None |
50 | 30 | ↑↑ | Normal | 2 | G, C, GH, E, NE | +c |
40 | 40 | ↑↑↑ | ↑ | 2.5 | G, C, GH, E, NE | ++ |
G, glucagon; C, cortisol; GH, growth hormone; E, epinephrine; NE, norepinephrine. Refer to References 60–62
Degree of increase from basal rate: ↑ mild, ↑↑ moderate, ↑↑↑ significant.
Severity of neuroglycemic symptoms: + mild, ++ moderate.