Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants and Correlates of Prevalent HPV Infection (N = 172), Baltimore, Maryland, 2006
| Characteristics, number (%)a | HPV prevalence, number (%)b | Unadjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)c | Adjusteddprevalence ratio (95% CI)c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | ||||
| ≤45 | 48 (28) | 16 (33) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 46–50 | 50 (29) | 6 (12) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) |
| 51–55 | 36 (21) | 7 (19) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) |
| ≥56 | 36 (21) | 5 (14) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 125 (73) | 24 (19) | 1.0 | |
| Other | 46 (27) | 10 (22) | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | |
| Education | ||||
| <College graduate | 81 (47) | 19 (24) | 1.0 | |
| ≥College graduate | 90 (52) | 15 (17) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 103 (60) | 10 (10) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Not marriede | 68 (40) | 24 (35) | 3.6 (1.9–7.1) | 4.3 (2.0–9.5) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Not current | 148 (86) | 27 (18) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Current | 24 (14) | 7 (29) | 1.6 (0.8–3.3) | 1.4 (0.6–3.7) |
| Medical history | ||||
| Current hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use | ||||
| No | 152 (88) | 27 (18) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 11 (6) | 6 (55) | 3.1 (1.6–5.8) | 2.3 (1.0–5.4) |
| Other hormone use (not HRT) | ||||
| No | 141 (82) | 26 (18) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 31 (18) | 8 (26) | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | |
| History of Pap | ||||
| Normal | 84 (48) | 15 (18) | 1.0 | |
| Abnormal | 68 (40) | 16 (24) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | |
| Never screenedf | 14 (8) | 3 (21) | ||
| Don't knowf | 5 (3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Treatment of abnormal Papg | ||||
| No | 22 (32) | 3 (14) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 43 (63) | 12 (28) | 2.0 (0.6–6.6) | |
| Don't knowf | 3 (4) | 1 (33) | ||
| Sexual and reproductive history | ||||
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 43 (25) | 11 (26) | 1.0 | |
| 1 | 25 (15) | 8 (32) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | |
| 2 | 61 (36) | 9 (15) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | |
| ≥3 | 42 (24) | 6 (14) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | |
| Menopausal stageh | ||||
| Premenopause | 50 (29) | 8 (16) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Perimenopause | 56 (33) | 15 (27) | 1.7 (0.8–3.6) | 2.3 (1.1–5.1) |
| Postmenopause | 51 (30) | 8 (16) | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 2.1 (0.9–5.1) |
| Lifetime number of partners | ||||
| ≤5 | 108 (63) | 17 (16) | 1.0 | |
| >5 | 46 (27) | 13 (28) | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) | |
| Decline to answer | 18 (11) | 4 (22) | 1.4 (0.5–3.7) | |
| Number of sexual partners in last 6 months | ||||
| 0 | 39 (23) | 8 (21) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 123 (72) | 21 (17) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 2.0 (0.9–4.8) |
| ≥2 | 6 (4) | 4 (67) | 3.3 (1.4–7.5) | 4.9 (1.7–13.9) |
| Decline to answer | 4 (2) | 1 (25) | 1.2 (0.2–7.5) | 1.4 (0.4–4.4) |
Due to missing data, percentages may not add to 100%. Missing data was largely the result of omission in the self-administered questionnaire.
Percentage calculated from strata-specific total.
95% CI is the 95% confidence interval.
Adjusted for age, marital status, smoking status, current hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, menopausal stage, and number of sex partners in the last 6 months.
Not married includes all women not currently married, including women who are widowed (n = 7), divorced (n = 25), separated (n = 6), or single women who have never been married (n = 30).
Excluded from unadjusted prevalence ratio analysis.
Percentage calculated out of 68 women reporting abnormal Pap.
Premenopause was defined as not reporting irregular menstrual periods. Perimenopause was defined as reporting irregular menstrual periods. Postmenopause was defined as ≥12 months since last reported menstrual period. Fifteen women were not classified into any menopausal stage due to missing data of menstrual periods.