Fig. 8.

The insulin receptor translocates to the nucleus. (A) Confocal immunofluorescence images of the insulin receptor before and 5 minutes after stimulation with insulin (10 nM), respectively. Insulin receptor labeling is in green and the nuclear envelope is stained with Lamin B1 in red. Note that the receptor initially labels the plasma membrane and is heterogeneously distributed in the cytosol as well, but is excluded from the nuclear interior until after stimulation with insulin. (B) Serial confocal sections were collected for three-dimensional reconstruction. These double-labeled images confirm that the receptor is heterogeneously distributed within the nuclear interior after stimulation with insulin.