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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 22.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2009;471:291–303. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-416-2_15

Fig. 15.4.

Fig. 15.4

mtDNA polymorphism associated with risk of cancers: G10398A in ND3 is associated with increased risk of breast (OR = 1.6) and prostate cancer (OR = 19.8) in African-Americans (37). A12308G in tRNALeu2 is a marker of the mtDNA haplogroup U. This haplogroup is associated with increased risk of prostate (OR = 1.95) and renal cancer (OR = 2.52) in Caucasians. *, the T4216C substitution in ND1 conferred no increased risk in isolation. However, when the T4216C substitution was present with G10398A, synergy was observed, and the risk of breast cancer was increased (OR = 3.1) in African-Americans.