FIG. 2.

Activation of human and chicken TLR2 by Campylobacter. HeLa 57A cells expressing human TLR2, TLR1, TLR6, and CD14 (A and B) or chicken TLR2t2, TLR16, and human CD14 (C and D) were stimulated with live or disrupted C. jejuni strain 81116, GB18, or RM1221 or C. coli strain H1 for 5 h. Cells transfected with control vector were stimulated simultaneously to ensure TLR-specific NF-κB activation. Pam₃CSK₄ (100 ng/ml) and FSL-1 (100 ng/ml) were used as positive controls. Values are the percent induction of NF-κB activation after stimulation with the positive control and are means ± the SEM of three independent experiments. The P values for human and chicken TLR2 responses were as follows: live Campylobacter versus control, not significant; lysed Campylobacter versus control, P < 0.05; lysed versus live Campylobacter, P < 0.05.