FIG. 5.

Activation of human and chicken TLR5 by Campylobacter. HeLa 57A cells expressing human TLR5 (A and B) or chicken TLR5 (C and D) were stimulated with live or disrupted C. jejuni strains 81116, GB18, or RM1221 or C. coli strain H1 for 5 h. Cells transfected with control vector were stimulated simultaneously to ensure TLR-specific NF-κB activation. Flagellin from serovar Enteritidis (1 μg ml⁻¹) was used as a positive control. None of the Campylobacter strains, either live or lysed, induced statistically significant activation of NF-κB in HeLa 57A cells transfected with human or chicken TLR5. Values are the percent induction of NF-κB activation after stimulation with the positive control and are means ± the SEM of three independent experiments.